Escherichia coli Shiga Toxin Mechanisms of Action in Renal Disease
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli is a contaminant of food and water that in humans causes a diarrheal prodrome followed by more severe disease of the kidneys and an array of symptoms of the central nervous system. The systemic disease is a complex referred to as diarrhea-associated hemolytic u...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2010-12-01
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| Series: | Toxins |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/2/12/2769/ |
| _version_ | 1811300938882744320 |
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| author | Tom G. Obrig |
| author_facet | Tom G. Obrig |
| author_sort | Tom G. Obrig |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli is a contaminant of food and water that in humans causes a diarrheal prodrome followed by more severe disease of the kidneys and an array of symptoms of the central nervous system. The systemic disease is a complex referred to as diarrhea-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome (D+HUS). D+HUS is characterized by thrombocytopenia, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, and acute renal failure. This review focuses on the renal aspects of D+HUS. Current knowledge of this renal disease is derived from a combination of human samples, animal models of D+HUS, and interaction of Shiga toxin with isolated renal cell types. Shiga toxin is a multi-subunit protein complex that binds to a glycosphingolipid receptor, Gb3, on select eukaryotic cell types. Location of Gb3 in the kidney is predictive of the sites of action of Shiga toxin. However, the toxin is cytotoxic to some, but not all cell types that express Gb3. It also can cause apoptosis or generate an inflammatory response in some cells. Together, this myriad of results is responsible for D+HUS disease. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T06:59:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-85f7caa03c5a4362a70fe9cce4f73728 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T06:59:54Z |
| publishDate | 2010-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-85f7caa03c5a4362a70fe9cce4f737282022-12-22T02:57:09ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512010-12-012122769279410.3390/toxins2122769Escherichia coli Shiga Toxin Mechanisms of Action in Renal DiseaseTom G. ObrigShiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli is a contaminant of food and water that in humans causes a diarrheal prodrome followed by more severe disease of the kidneys and an array of symptoms of the central nervous system. The systemic disease is a complex referred to as diarrhea-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome (D+HUS). D+HUS is characterized by thrombocytopenia, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, and acute renal failure. This review focuses on the renal aspects of D+HUS. Current knowledge of this renal disease is derived from a combination of human samples, animal models of D+HUS, and interaction of Shiga toxin with isolated renal cell types. Shiga toxin is a multi-subunit protein complex that binds to a glycosphingolipid receptor, Gb3, on select eukaryotic cell types. Location of Gb3 in the kidney is predictive of the sites of action of Shiga toxin. However, the toxin is cytotoxic to some, but not all cell types that express Gb3. It also can cause apoptosis or generate an inflammatory response in some cells. Together, this myriad of results is responsible for D+HUS disease.http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/2/12/2769/Shiga toxinkidneyHUSGb3animal modelrenal failureE. coli |
| spellingShingle | Tom G. Obrig Escherichia coli Shiga Toxin Mechanisms of Action in Renal Disease Toxins Shiga toxin kidney HUS Gb3 animal model renal failure E. coli |
| title | Escherichia coli Shiga Toxin Mechanisms of Action in Renal Disease |
| title_full | Escherichia coli Shiga Toxin Mechanisms of Action in Renal Disease |
| title_fullStr | Escherichia coli Shiga Toxin Mechanisms of Action in Renal Disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | Escherichia coli Shiga Toxin Mechanisms of Action in Renal Disease |
| title_short | Escherichia coli Shiga Toxin Mechanisms of Action in Renal Disease |
| title_sort | escherichia coli shiga toxin mechanisms of action in renal disease |
| topic | Shiga toxin kidney HUS Gb3 animal model renal failure E. coli |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/2/12/2769/ |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT tomgobrig escherichiacolishigatoxinmechanismsofactioninrenaldisease |