Animal Models of LED-Induced Phototoxicity. Short- and Long-Term In Vivo and Ex Vivo Retinal Alterations
Phototoxicity animal models have been largely studied due to their degenerative communalities with human pathologies, e.g., age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Studies have documented not only the effects of white light exposure, but also other wavelengths using LEDs, such as blue or green light...
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MDPI AG
2021-10-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/11/11/1137 |
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| author | Juan A. Miralles de Imperial-Ollero Alejandro Gallego-Ortega Arturo Ortín-Martínez María Paz Villegas-Pérez Francisco J. Valiente-Soriano Manuel Vidal-Sanz |
| author_facet | Juan A. Miralles de Imperial-Ollero Alejandro Gallego-Ortega Arturo Ortín-Martínez María Paz Villegas-Pérez Francisco J. Valiente-Soriano Manuel Vidal-Sanz |
| author_sort | Juan A. Miralles de Imperial-Ollero |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Phototoxicity animal models have been largely studied due to their degenerative communalities with human pathologies, e.g., age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Studies have documented not only the effects of white light exposure, but also other wavelengths using LEDs, such as blue or green light. Recently, a blue LED-induced phototoxicity (LIP) model has been developed that causes focal damage in the outer layers of the superior-temporal region of the retina in rodents. In vivo studies described a progressive reduction in retinal thickness that affected the most extensively the photoreceptor layer. Functionally, a transient reduction in a- and b-wave amplitude of the ERG response was observed. Ex vivo studies showed a progressive reduction of cones and an involvement of retinal pigment epithelium cells in the area of the lesion and, in parallel, an activation of microglial cells that perfectly circumscribe the damage in the outer retinal layer. The use of neuroprotective strategies such as intravitreal administration of trophic factors, e.g., basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) or pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) and topical administration of the selective alpha-2 agonist (Brimonidine) have demonstrated to increase the survival of the cone population after LIP. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:20:49Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-1729 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:20:49Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Life |
| spelling | doaj.art-85fbaeda6b8a4df690cd2c8ca497a1b32023-11-23T00:03:21ZengMDPI AGLife2075-17292021-10-011111113710.3390/life11111137Animal Models of LED-Induced Phototoxicity. Short- and Long-Term In Vivo and Ex Vivo Retinal AlterationsJuan A. Miralles de Imperial-Ollero0Alejandro Gallego-Ortega1Arturo Ortín-Martínez2María Paz Villegas-Pérez3Francisco J. Valiente-Soriano4Manuel Vidal-Sanz5Departamento de Oftalmología, Universidad de Murcia e Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB) Virgen de la Arrixaca, Campus de CC de la Salud, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, SpainDepartamento de Oftalmología, Universidad de Murcia e Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB) Virgen de la Arrixaca, Campus de CC de la Salud, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, SpainDonald K. Johnson Eye Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, CanadaDepartamento de Oftalmología, Universidad de Murcia e Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB) Virgen de la Arrixaca, Campus de CC de la Salud, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, SpainDepartamento de Oftalmología, Universidad de Murcia e Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB) Virgen de la Arrixaca, Campus de CC de la Salud, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, SpainDepartamento de Oftalmología, Universidad de Murcia e Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB) Virgen de la Arrixaca, Campus de CC de la Salud, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, SpainPhototoxicity animal models have been largely studied due to their degenerative communalities with human pathologies, e.g., age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Studies have documented not only the effects of white light exposure, but also other wavelengths using LEDs, such as blue or green light. Recently, a blue LED-induced phototoxicity (LIP) model has been developed that causes focal damage in the outer layers of the superior-temporal region of the retina in rodents. In vivo studies described a progressive reduction in retinal thickness that affected the most extensively the photoreceptor layer. Functionally, a transient reduction in a- and b-wave amplitude of the ERG response was observed. Ex vivo studies showed a progressive reduction of cones and an involvement of retinal pigment epithelium cells in the area of the lesion and, in parallel, an activation of microglial cells that perfectly circumscribe the damage in the outer retinal layer. The use of neuroprotective strategies such as intravitreal administration of trophic factors, e.g., basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) or pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) and topical administration of the selective alpha-2 agonist (Brimonidine) have demonstrated to increase the survival of the cone population after LIP.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/11/11/1137LED induced phototoxicitycone photoreceptormicroglia activationretinal pigment epitheliumneuroprotection |
| spellingShingle | Juan A. Miralles de Imperial-Ollero Alejandro Gallego-Ortega Arturo Ortín-Martínez María Paz Villegas-Pérez Francisco J. Valiente-Soriano Manuel Vidal-Sanz Animal Models of LED-Induced Phototoxicity. Short- and Long-Term In Vivo and Ex Vivo Retinal Alterations Life LED induced phototoxicity cone photoreceptor microglia activation retinal pigment epithelium neuroprotection |
| title | Animal Models of LED-Induced Phototoxicity. Short- and Long-Term In Vivo and Ex Vivo Retinal Alterations |
| title_full | Animal Models of LED-Induced Phototoxicity. Short- and Long-Term In Vivo and Ex Vivo Retinal Alterations |
| title_fullStr | Animal Models of LED-Induced Phototoxicity. Short- and Long-Term In Vivo and Ex Vivo Retinal Alterations |
| title_full_unstemmed | Animal Models of LED-Induced Phototoxicity. Short- and Long-Term In Vivo and Ex Vivo Retinal Alterations |
| title_short | Animal Models of LED-Induced Phototoxicity. Short- and Long-Term In Vivo and Ex Vivo Retinal Alterations |
| title_sort | animal models of led induced phototoxicity short and long term in vivo and ex vivo retinal alterations |
| topic | LED induced phototoxicity cone photoreceptor microglia activation retinal pigment epithelium neuroprotection |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/11/11/1137 |
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