Estrogen Receptor-β Gene Cytosine-Adenine (<i>ESR2</i>-CA) Repeat Polymorphism in Postmenopausal Colon Cancer
The pathobiological role of estrogen is controversial in colorectal cancer. Cytosine-adenine (CA) repeat in the estrogen receptor (ER)-β gene (<i>ESR2</i>-CA) is a microsatellite, as well as representative of <i>ESR2</i> polymorphism. Though its function is unknown, we previo...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/5/4502 |
| Summary: | The pathobiological role of estrogen is controversial in colorectal cancer. Cytosine-adenine (CA) repeat in the estrogen receptor (ER)-β gene (<i>ESR2</i>-CA) is a microsatellite, as well as representative of <i>ESR2</i> polymorphism. Though its function is unknown, we previously showed that a shorter allele (germline) increased the risk of colon cancer in older women, whereas it decreased it in younger postmenopausal women. <i>ESR2</i>-CA and ER-β expressions were examined in cancerous (Ca) and non-cancerous (NonCa) tissue pairs from 114 postmenopausal women, and comparisons were made considering tissue types, age/locus, and the mismatch repair protein (MMR) status. <i>ESR2</i>-CA repeats <22/≥22 were designated as ‘S’/‘L’, respectively, resulting in genotypes SS/nSS (=SL&LL). In NonCa, the rate of the SS genotype and ER-β expression level were significantly higher in right-sided cases of women ≥70 (≥70Rt) than in those in the others. A decreased ER-β expression in Ca compared with NonCa was observed in proficient-MMR, but not in deficient-MMR. In NonCa, but not in Ca, ER-β expression was significantly higher in SS than in nSS. ≥70Rt cases were characterized by NonCa with a high rate of SS genotype or high ER-β expression. The germline <i>ESR2</i>-CA genotype and resulting ER-β expression were considered to affect the clinical characteristics (age/locus/MMR status) of colon cancer, supporting our previous findings. |
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| ISSN: | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |