Effect of Gold Nanoparticles on the Physical Properties of an Epoxy Resin
The effect of doping the bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (DGEBA)/m-xylylenediamine (mXDA) system with gold nanoparticles (AuNP) has been studied with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and dielectric analysis (DEA). The evolved heat (...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/6/5638 |
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| author | F. Fraga-López Lisbeth Jiménez Carrillo María Pilar Vázquez-Tato Julio A. Seijas Francisco Meijide José Vázquez Tato Aida Jover |
| author_facet | F. Fraga-López Lisbeth Jiménez Carrillo María Pilar Vázquez-Tato Julio A. Seijas Francisco Meijide José Vázquez Tato Aida Jover |
| author_sort | F. Fraga-López |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The effect of doping the bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (DGEBA)/m-xylylenediamine (mXDA) system with gold nanoparticles (AuNP) has been studied with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and dielectric analysis (DEA). The evolved heat (Δ<i>H<sub>t</sub></i>), the glass transition temperature (<i>T<sub>g</sub></i>), and the associated activation energies of this relaxation process have been determined. Below a certain concentration of AuNPs (=8.5%, in mg AuNP/g epoxy matrix), <i>T<sub>g</sub></i> decreases linearly with the concentration of AuNPs, but above it, <i>T<sub>g</sub></i> is not affected. The degree of conversion <i>α</i> of this epoxy system was analyzed by the semiempirical Kamal’s model, evidencing that diffusion correction is required at high values of <i>α</i>. Activation energy values suggest that AuNPs can cause some impediments at the beginning of the crosslinking process (<i>n</i>-order mechanism). The slight difference between the initial decomposition temperature, as well as the temperature for which the degradation rate is at a maximum, for both systems can be accepted to be within experimental error. Mechanical properties (tension, compression, and bending tests) are not affected by the presence of AuNPs. Dielectric measurements show the existence of a second <i>T<sub>g</sub></i> at high temperatures, which was analyzed using the Tsagarapoulos and Eisenberg model of the mobility restrictions of network chains bound to the filler. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:25:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-86186464a46044b3a0454bfc8b844ed0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:25:08Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-86186464a46044b3a0454bfc8b844ed02023-11-17T11:36:51ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-03-01246563810.3390/ijms24065638Effect of Gold Nanoparticles on the Physical Properties of an Epoxy ResinF. Fraga-López0Lisbeth Jiménez Carrillo1María Pilar Vázquez-Tato2Julio A. Seijas3Francisco Meijide4José Vázquez Tato5Aida Jover6Departamento de Física Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Avda. Alfonso X El Sabio s/n, 27002 Lugo, SpainLaboratorio de Investigación y Tecnología de Polímeros, Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, Heredia 86-3000, Costa RicaDepartamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Avda. Alfonso X El Sabio s/n, 27002 Lugo, SpainDepartamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Avda. Alfonso X El Sabio s/n, 27002 Lugo, SpainDepartamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Avda. Alfonso X El Sabio s/n, 27002 Lugo, SpainDepartamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Avda. Alfonso X El Sabio s/n, 27002 Lugo, SpainDepartamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Avda. Alfonso X El Sabio s/n, 27002 Lugo, SpainThe effect of doping the bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (DGEBA)/m-xylylenediamine (mXDA) system with gold nanoparticles (AuNP) has been studied with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and dielectric analysis (DEA). The evolved heat (Δ<i>H<sub>t</sub></i>), the glass transition temperature (<i>T<sub>g</sub></i>), and the associated activation energies of this relaxation process have been determined. Below a certain concentration of AuNPs (=8.5%, in mg AuNP/g epoxy matrix), <i>T<sub>g</sub></i> decreases linearly with the concentration of AuNPs, but above it, <i>T<sub>g</sub></i> is not affected. The degree of conversion <i>α</i> of this epoxy system was analyzed by the semiempirical Kamal’s model, evidencing that diffusion correction is required at high values of <i>α</i>. Activation energy values suggest that AuNPs can cause some impediments at the beginning of the crosslinking process (<i>n</i>-order mechanism). The slight difference between the initial decomposition temperature, as well as the temperature for which the degradation rate is at a maximum, for both systems can be accepted to be within experimental error. Mechanical properties (tension, compression, and bending tests) are not affected by the presence of AuNPs. Dielectric measurements show the existence of a second <i>T<sub>g</sub></i> at high temperatures, which was analyzed using the Tsagarapoulos and Eisenberg model of the mobility restrictions of network chains bound to the filler.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/6/5638bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (DGEBA)<i>m</i>-xylylenediaminegold nanoparticlesepoxy resinglass transition temperaturedegree of conversion |
| spellingShingle | F. Fraga-López Lisbeth Jiménez Carrillo María Pilar Vázquez-Tato Julio A. Seijas Francisco Meijide José Vázquez Tato Aida Jover Effect of Gold Nanoparticles on the Physical Properties of an Epoxy Resin International Journal of Molecular Sciences bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (DGEBA) <i>m</i>-xylylenediamine gold nanoparticles epoxy resin glass transition temperature degree of conversion |
| title | Effect of Gold Nanoparticles on the Physical Properties of an Epoxy Resin |
| title_full | Effect of Gold Nanoparticles on the Physical Properties of an Epoxy Resin |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Gold Nanoparticles on the Physical Properties of an Epoxy Resin |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Gold Nanoparticles on the Physical Properties of an Epoxy Resin |
| title_short | Effect of Gold Nanoparticles on the Physical Properties of an Epoxy Resin |
| title_sort | effect of gold nanoparticles on the physical properties of an epoxy resin |
| topic | bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (DGEBA) <i>m</i>-xylylenediamine gold nanoparticles epoxy resin glass transition temperature degree of conversion |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/6/5638 |
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