Optical Camera Communication as an Enabling Technology for Microalgae Cultivation
Optical Camera Communication (OCC) systems have a potential application in microalgae production plants. In this work, a proof-of-concept prototype consisting of an artificial lighting photobioreactor is proposed. This reactor optimises the culture’s photosynthetic efficiency while transmitting on-o...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-02-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/5/1621 |
| _version_ | 1797395239501037568 |
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| author | Cristo Jurado-Verdu Victor Guerra Vicente Matus Carlos Almeida Jose Rabadan |
| author_facet | Cristo Jurado-Verdu Victor Guerra Vicente Matus Carlos Almeida Jose Rabadan |
| author_sort | Cristo Jurado-Verdu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Optical Camera Communication (OCC) systems have a potential application in microalgae production plants. In this work, a proof-of-concept prototype consisting of an artificial lighting photobioreactor is proposed. This reactor optimises the culture’s photosynthetic efficiency while transmitting on-off keying signals to a rolling-shutter camera. Upon reception, both signal decoding and biomass concentration sensing are performed simultaneously using image processing techniques. Moreover, the communication channel’s theoretical modelling, the data rate system’s performance, and the plant distribution requirements and restrictions for a production-scale facility are detailed. A case study is conducted to classify three different node arrangements in a real facility, considering node visibility, channel capacity, and space exploitation. Finally, several experiments comprising radiance evaluation and Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) computation are performed at different angles of view in both indoor and outdoor environments. It is observed that the Lambertian-like emission patterns are affected by increasing concentrations, reducing the effective emission angles. Furthermore, significant differences in the SNR, up to 20 dB, perceived along the illuminated surface (centre versus border), gradually reduce as light is affected by greater dispersion. The experimental analysis in terms of scattering and selective wavelength attenuation for green (<i>Arthrospira platensis</i>) and brown (<i>Rhodosorus marinus</i>) microalgae species determines that the selected strain must be considered in the development of this system. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:31:32Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-861c46aac2fe4ebc973083344a2a9666 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:31:32Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-861c46aac2fe4ebc973083344a2a96662023-12-11T18:28:15ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202021-02-01215162110.3390/s21051621Optical Camera Communication as an Enabling Technology for Microalgae CultivationCristo Jurado-Verdu0Victor Guerra1Vicente Matus2Carlos Almeida3Jose Rabadan4Institute for Technological Development and Innovation in Communications (IDeTIC), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, SpainInstitute for Technological Development and Innovation in Communications (IDeTIC), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, SpainInstitute for Technological Development and Innovation in Communications (IDeTIC), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, SpainSpanish Bank of algae (BEA), Instituto de Oceanografía y Cambio Global (IOCAG), Fundación Canaria Parque Científico y Tecnológico, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), 35230 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, SpainInstitute for Technological Development and Innovation in Communications (IDeTIC), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, SpainOptical Camera Communication (OCC) systems have a potential application in microalgae production plants. In this work, a proof-of-concept prototype consisting of an artificial lighting photobioreactor is proposed. This reactor optimises the culture’s photosynthetic efficiency while transmitting on-off keying signals to a rolling-shutter camera. Upon reception, both signal decoding and biomass concentration sensing are performed simultaneously using image processing techniques. Moreover, the communication channel’s theoretical modelling, the data rate system’s performance, and the plant distribution requirements and restrictions for a production-scale facility are detailed. A case study is conducted to classify three different node arrangements in a real facility, considering node visibility, channel capacity, and space exploitation. Finally, several experiments comprising radiance evaluation and Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) computation are performed at different angles of view in both indoor and outdoor environments. It is observed that the Lambertian-like emission patterns are affected by increasing concentrations, reducing the effective emission angles. Furthermore, significant differences in the SNR, up to 20 dB, perceived along the illuminated surface (centre versus border), gradually reduce as light is affected by greater dispersion. The experimental analysis in terms of scattering and selective wavelength attenuation for green (<i>Arthrospira platensis</i>) and brown (<i>Rhodosorus marinus</i>) microalgae species determines that the selected strain must be considered in the development of this system.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/5/1621optical camera communicationsvisible light communicationsmicroalgae cultivationartificial lightinglight managementsmart farming |
| spellingShingle | Cristo Jurado-Verdu Victor Guerra Vicente Matus Carlos Almeida Jose Rabadan Optical Camera Communication as an Enabling Technology for Microalgae Cultivation Sensors optical camera communications visible light communications microalgae cultivation artificial lighting light management smart farming |
| title | Optical Camera Communication as an Enabling Technology for Microalgae Cultivation |
| title_full | Optical Camera Communication as an Enabling Technology for Microalgae Cultivation |
| title_fullStr | Optical Camera Communication as an Enabling Technology for Microalgae Cultivation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optical Camera Communication as an Enabling Technology for Microalgae Cultivation |
| title_short | Optical Camera Communication as an Enabling Technology for Microalgae Cultivation |
| title_sort | optical camera communication as an enabling technology for microalgae cultivation |
| topic | optical camera communications visible light communications microalgae cultivation artificial lighting light management smart farming |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/5/1621 |
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