Degradation of Alginate by a Newly Isolated Marine Bacterium <i>Agarivorans</i> sp. B2Z047
Alginate is the main component of brown algae, which is an important primary production in marine ecosystems and represents a huge marine biomass. The efficient utilization of alginate depends on alginate lyases to catalyze the degradation, and remains to be further explored. In this study, 354 stra...
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MDPI AG
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Marine Drugs |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/20/4/254 |
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| author | Xun-Ke Sun Ya Gong Dan-Dan Shang Bang-Tao Liu Zong-Jun Du Guan-Jun Chen |
| author_facet | Xun-Ke Sun Ya Gong Dan-Dan Shang Bang-Tao Liu Zong-Jun Du Guan-Jun Chen |
| author_sort | Xun-Ke Sun |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Alginate is the main component of brown algae, which is an important primary production in marine ecosystems and represents a huge marine biomass. The efficient utilization of alginate depends on alginate lyases to catalyze the degradation, and remains to be further explored. In this study, 354 strains were isolated from the gut of adult abalones, which mainly feed on brown algae. Among them, 100 alginate-degrading strains were gained and the majority belonged to the <i>Gammaproteobacteria</i>, followed by the <i>Bacteroidetes</i> and <i>Alphaproteobacteria</i>. A marine bacterium, <i>Agarivorans</i> sp. B2Z047, had the strongest degradation ability of alginate with the largest degradation circle and the highest enzyme activity. The optimal alginate lyase production medium of strain B2Z047 was determined as 1.1% sodium alginate, 0.3% yeast extract, 1% NaCl, and 0.1% MgSO<sub>4</sub> in artificial seawater (pH 7.0). Cells of strain B2Z047 were Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, motile by flagella, short rod-shaped, and approximately 0.7–0.9 µm width and 1.2–1.9 µm length. The optimal growth conditions were determined to be at 30 °C, pH 7.0–8.0, and in 3% (<i>w</i>/<i>v</i>) NaCl. A total of 12 potential alginate lyase genes were identified through whole genome sequencing and prediction, which belonged to polysaccharide lyase family 6, 7, 17, and 38 (PL6, PL7, PL17, and PL38, respectively). Furthermore, the degradation products of nine alginate lyases were detected, among which Aly38A was the first alginate lyase belonging to the PL38 family that has been found to degrade alginate. The combination of alginate lyases functioning in the alginate-degrading process was further demonstrated by the growth curve and alginate lyase production of strain B2Z047 cultivated with or without sodium alginate, as well as the content changes of total sugar and reducing sugar and the transcript levels of alginate lyase genes. A simplified model was proposed to explain the alginate utilization process of <i>Agarivorans</i> sp. B2Z047. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:26:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-862946407fcd46979d2102ed7cb4b778 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1660-3397 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:26:54Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-862946407fcd46979d2102ed7cb4b7782023-12-03T13:39:00ZengMDPI AGMarine Drugs1660-33972022-04-0120425410.3390/md20040254Degradation of Alginate by a Newly Isolated Marine Bacterium <i>Agarivorans</i> sp. B2Z047Xun-Ke Sun0Ya Gong1Dan-Dan Shang2Bang-Tao Liu3Zong-Jun Du4Guan-Jun Chen5Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, ChinaMarine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, ChinaMarine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, ChinaMarine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, ChinaMarine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, ChinaMarine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, ChinaAlginate is the main component of brown algae, which is an important primary production in marine ecosystems and represents a huge marine biomass. The efficient utilization of alginate depends on alginate lyases to catalyze the degradation, and remains to be further explored. In this study, 354 strains were isolated from the gut of adult abalones, which mainly feed on brown algae. Among them, 100 alginate-degrading strains were gained and the majority belonged to the <i>Gammaproteobacteria</i>, followed by the <i>Bacteroidetes</i> and <i>Alphaproteobacteria</i>. A marine bacterium, <i>Agarivorans</i> sp. B2Z047, had the strongest degradation ability of alginate with the largest degradation circle and the highest enzyme activity. The optimal alginate lyase production medium of strain B2Z047 was determined as 1.1% sodium alginate, 0.3% yeast extract, 1% NaCl, and 0.1% MgSO<sub>4</sub> in artificial seawater (pH 7.0). Cells of strain B2Z047 were Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, motile by flagella, short rod-shaped, and approximately 0.7–0.9 µm width and 1.2–1.9 µm length. The optimal growth conditions were determined to be at 30 °C, pH 7.0–8.0, and in 3% (<i>w</i>/<i>v</i>) NaCl. A total of 12 potential alginate lyase genes were identified through whole genome sequencing and prediction, which belonged to polysaccharide lyase family 6, 7, 17, and 38 (PL6, PL7, PL17, and PL38, respectively). Furthermore, the degradation products of nine alginate lyases were detected, among which Aly38A was the first alginate lyase belonging to the PL38 family that has been found to degrade alginate. The combination of alginate lyases functioning in the alginate-degrading process was further demonstrated by the growth curve and alginate lyase production of strain B2Z047 cultivated with or without sodium alginate, as well as the content changes of total sugar and reducing sugar and the transcript levels of alginate lyase genes. A simplified model was proposed to explain the alginate utilization process of <i>Agarivorans</i> sp. B2Z047.https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/20/4/254alginate-degrading strainalginate lyase<i>Agarivorans</i> sp. B2Z047bioconversionmarine bacterium |
| spellingShingle | Xun-Ke Sun Ya Gong Dan-Dan Shang Bang-Tao Liu Zong-Jun Du Guan-Jun Chen Degradation of Alginate by a Newly Isolated Marine Bacterium <i>Agarivorans</i> sp. B2Z047 Marine Drugs alginate-degrading strain alginate lyase <i>Agarivorans</i> sp. B2Z047 bioconversion marine bacterium |
| title | Degradation of Alginate by a Newly Isolated Marine Bacterium <i>Agarivorans</i> sp. B2Z047 |
| title_full | Degradation of Alginate by a Newly Isolated Marine Bacterium <i>Agarivorans</i> sp. B2Z047 |
| title_fullStr | Degradation of Alginate by a Newly Isolated Marine Bacterium <i>Agarivorans</i> sp. B2Z047 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Degradation of Alginate by a Newly Isolated Marine Bacterium <i>Agarivorans</i> sp. B2Z047 |
| title_short | Degradation of Alginate by a Newly Isolated Marine Bacterium <i>Agarivorans</i> sp. B2Z047 |
| title_sort | degradation of alginate by a newly isolated marine bacterium i agarivorans i sp b2z047 |
| topic | alginate-degrading strain alginate lyase <i>Agarivorans</i> sp. B2Z047 bioconversion marine bacterium |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/20/4/254 |
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