Photoinhibition of Photosystem I Induced by Different Intensities of Fluctuating Light Is Determined by the Kinetics of ∆pH Formation Rather Than Linear Electron Flow
Fluctuating light (FL) can cause the selective photoinhibition of photosystem I (PSI) in angiosperms. In nature, leaves usually experience FL conditions with the same low light and different high light intensities, but the effects of different FL conditions on PSI redox state and PSI photoinhibition...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-11-01
|
| Series: | Antioxidants |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/12/2325 |
| _version_ | 1797461702535544832 |
|---|---|
| author | Qi Shi Xiao-Qian Wang Zhi-Lan Zeng Wei Huang |
| author_facet | Qi Shi Xiao-Qian Wang Zhi-Lan Zeng Wei Huang |
| author_sort | Qi Shi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Fluctuating light (FL) can cause the selective photoinhibition of photosystem I (PSI) in angiosperms. In nature, leaves usually experience FL conditions with the same low light and different high light intensities, but the effects of different FL conditions on PSI redox state and PSI photoinhibition are not well known. In this study, we found that PSI was highly reduced within the first 10 s after transition from 59 to 1809 μmol photons m<sup>−2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup> in tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i>). However, such transient PSI over-reduction was not observed by transitioning from 59 to 501 or 923 μmol photons m<sup>−2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>. Consequently, FL (59-1809) induced a significantly stronger PSI photoinhibition than FL (59-501) and FL (59-923). Compared with the proton gradient (∆pH) level after transition to high light for 60 s, tomato leaves almost formed a sufficient ∆pH after light transition for 10 s in FL (59-501) but did not in FL (59-923) or FL (59-1809). The difference in ∆pH between 10 s and 60 s was tightly correlated to the extent of PSI over-reduction and PSI photoinhibition induced by FL. Furthermore, the difference in PSI photoinhibition between (59-923) and FL (59-1809) was accompanied by the same level of linear electron flow. Therefore, PSI photoinhibition induced by different intensities of FL is more related to the kinetics of ∆pH formation rather than linear electron flow. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:24:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-862d23fc04a84bbd8b1beb85188a5d79 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3921 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:24:07Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj.art-862d23fc04a84bbd8b1beb85188a5d792023-11-24T12:56:06ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212022-11-011112232510.3390/antiox11122325Photoinhibition of Photosystem I Induced by Different Intensities of Fluctuating Light Is Determined by the Kinetics of ∆pH Formation Rather Than Linear Electron FlowQi Shi0Xiao-Qian Wang1Zhi-Lan Zeng2Wei Huang3Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, ChinaKunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, ChinaKunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, ChinaKunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, ChinaFluctuating light (FL) can cause the selective photoinhibition of photosystem I (PSI) in angiosperms. In nature, leaves usually experience FL conditions with the same low light and different high light intensities, but the effects of different FL conditions on PSI redox state and PSI photoinhibition are not well known. In this study, we found that PSI was highly reduced within the first 10 s after transition from 59 to 1809 μmol photons m<sup>−2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup> in tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i>). However, such transient PSI over-reduction was not observed by transitioning from 59 to 501 or 923 μmol photons m<sup>−2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>. Consequently, FL (59-1809) induced a significantly stronger PSI photoinhibition than FL (59-501) and FL (59-923). Compared with the proton gradient (∆pH) level after transition to high light for 60 s, tomato leaves almost formed a sufficient ∆pH after light transition for 10 s in FL (59-501) but did not in FL (59-923) or FL (59-1809). The difference in ∆pH between 10 s and 60 s was tightly correlated to the extent of PSI over-reduction and PSI photoinhibition induced by FL. Furthermore, the difference in PSI photoinhibition between (59-923) and FL (59-1809) was accompanied by the same level of linear electron flow. Therefore, PSI photoinhibition induced by different intensities of FL is more related to the kinetics of ∆pH formation rather than linear electron flow.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/12/2325electron transportfluctuating lightphotosystem Iphotoinhibitionproton gradient |
| spellingShingle | Qi Shi Xiao-Qian Wang Zhi-Lan Zeng Wei Huang Photoinhibition of Photosystem I Induced by Different Intensities of Fluctuating Light Is Determined by the Kinetics of ∆pH Formation Rather Than Linear Electron Flow Antioxidants electron transport fluctuating light photosystem I photoinhibition proton gradient |
| title | Photoinhibition of Photosystem I Induced by Different Intensities of Fluctuating Light Is Determined by the Kinetics of ∆pH Formation Rather Than Linear Electron Flow |
| title_full | Photoinhibition of Photosystem I Induced by Different Intensities of Fluctuating Light Is Determined by the Kinetics of ∆pH Formation Rather Than Linear Electron Flow |
| title_fullStr | Photoinhibition of Photosystem I Induced by Different Intensities of Fluctuating Light Is Determined by the Kinetics of ∆pH Formation Rather Than Linear Electron Flow |
| title_full_unstemmed | Photoinhibition of Photosystem I Induced by Different Intensities of Fluctuating Light Is Determined by the Kinetics of ∆pH Formation Rather Than Linear Electron Flow |
| title_short | Photoinhibition of Photosystem I Induced by Different Intensities of Fluctuating Light Is Determined by the Kinetics of ∆pH Formation Rather Than Linear Electron Flow |
| title_sort | photoinhibition of photosystem i induced by different intensities of fluctuating light is determined by the kinetics of ∆ph formation rather than linear electron flow |
| topic | electron transport fluctuating light photosystem I photoinhibition proton gradient |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/12/2325 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT qishi photoinhibitionofphotosystemiinducedbydifferentintensitiesoffluctuatinglightisdeterminedbythekineticsofphformationratherthanlinearelectronflow AT xiaoqianwang photoinhibitionofphotosystemiinducedbydifferentintensitiesoffluctuatinglightisdeterminedbythekineticsofphformationratherthanlinearelectronflow AT zhilanzeng photoinhibitionofphotosystemiinducedbydifferentintensitiesoffluctuatinglightisdeterminedbythekineticsofphformationratherthanlinearelectronflow AT weihuang photoinhibitionofphotosystemiinducedbydifferentintensitiesoffluctuatinglightisdeterminedbythekineticsofphformationratherthanlinearelectronflow |