Evaluation of precipitation measurements obtained from different types of rain gauges
The results of parallel measurements of precipitation sums at the Polish Institute of Meteorology and Water Management – National Research Institute (IMWM-NRI), made by 4 types of automatic rain gauges (SEBA, A‑STER, MET ONE and MPS) and a manual Hellmann rain gauge, indicate significant differences...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Borntraeger
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Meteorologische Zeitschrift |
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| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/metz/2021/1084 |
| _version_ | 1818580281812058112 |
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| author | Grzegorz Urban Krzysztof Strug |
| author_facet | Grzegorz Urban Krzysztof Strug |
| author_sort | Grzegorz Urban |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The results of parallel measurements of precipitation sums at the Polish Institute of Meteorology and Water Management – National Research Institute (IMWM-NRI), made by 4 types of automatic rain gauges (SEBA, A‑STER, MET ONE and MPS) and a manual Hellmann rain gauge, indicate significant differences between instruments. On average, the A‑STER, MET ONE, MPS and SEBA rain gauges understate the precipitation sums relative to the Hellmann rain gauge annually by approximately 14 %; 13 %; 8 % and 5 %, respectively. The distribution of monthly and seasonal deviations of daily precipitation sums in automatic rain gauges relative to the Hellmann rain gauge indicates that regardless of the type of rain gauge, the largest negative deviations occur in the winter months, with a maximum of 20–25 %, and in MET ONE rain gauges even up to 30 %. The most common errors in automatic rain gauges are small errors (0.1 < daily sum ≤$\leq$ 1.0 mm). On average per year, they range from 45 % of days in SEBA rain gauges to 52 %–54 % of days in other types of rain gauges. Large errors (1.0 < daily total ≤$\leq$ 5.0 mm) are most common in A‑STER, MET ONE, MPS and SEBA rain gauges. On average per year, they are approximately 16 %, 16 %, 7 % and 6 % of all days, respectively. The analysis of the deviations of the daily precipitation sums from automatic rain gauges relative to the Hellmann rain gauge indicates a clear asymmetry in their distribution. Negative deviations dominate over positive ones. The absence of differences occurs most often in SEBA rain gauges and amounts on average to 23 %. It occurs least frequently, at an average of 10 %, in MET ONE rain gauges. SEBA rain gauges are characterized by the smallest mean deviation value of the daily precipitation sums: −0.13 mm. In the MPS weighing rain gauges it is −0.26 mm. The largest mean deviations occur in the A‑STER and MET ONE rain gauges, where they are respectively: −0.52 mm and −0.48 mm. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-16T07:15:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-86373de97e5d40329d84cd4287014719 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0941-2948 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-16T07:15:07Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | Borntraeger |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Meteorologische Zeitschrift |
| spelling | doaj.art-86373de97e5d40329d84cd42870147192022-12-21T22:39:48ZengBorntraegerMeteorologische Zeitschrift0941-29482021-10-0130544546310.1127/metz/2021/108499617Evaluation of precipitation measurements obtained from different types of rain gaugesGrzegorz UrbanKrzysztof StrugThe results of parallel measurements of precipitation sums at the Polish Institute of Meteorology and Water Management – National Research Institute (IMWM-NRI), made by 4 types of automatic rain gauges (SEBA, A‑STER, MET ONE and MPS) and a manual Hellmann rain gauge, indicate significant differences between instruments. On average, the A‑STER, MET ONE, MPS and SEBA rain gauges understate the precipitation sums relative to the Hellmann rain gauge annually by approximately 14 %; 13 %; 8 % and 5 %, respectively. The distribution of monthly and seasonal deviations of daily precipitation sums in automatic rain gauges relative to the Hellmann rain gauge indicates that regardless of the type of rain gauge, the largest negative deviations occur in the winter months, with a maximum of 20–25 %, and in MET ONE rain gauges even up to 30 %. The most common errors in automatic rain gauges are small errors (0.1 < daily sum ≤$\leq$ 1.0 mm). On average per year, they range from 45 % of days in SEBA rain gauges to 52 %–54 % of days in other types of rain gauges. Large errors (1.0 < daily total ≤$\leq$ 5.0 mm) are most common in A‑STER, MET ONE, MPS and SEBA rain gauges. On average per year, they are approximately 16 %, 16 %, 7 % and 6 % of all days, respectively. The analysis of the deviations of the daily precipitation sums from automatic rain gauges relative to the Hellmann rain gauge indicates a clear asymmetry in their distribution. Negative deviations dominate over positive ones. The absence of differences occurs most often in SEBA rain gauges and amounts on average to 23 %. It occurs least frequently, at an average of 10 %, in MET ONE rain gauges. SEBA rain gauges are characterized by the smallest mean deviation value of the daily precipitation sums: −0.13 mm. In the MPS weighing rain gauges it is −0.26 mm. The largest mean deviations occur in the A‑STER and MET ONE rain gauges, where they are respectively: −0.52 mm and −0.48 mm.http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/metz/2021/1084precipitationhellmann gaugetipping-bucket gaugeweighing gaugedifferences in precipitation measurements |
| spellingShingle | Grzegorz Urban Krzysztof Strug Evaluation of precipitation measurements obtained from different types of rain gauges Meteorologische Zeitschrift precipitation hellmann gauge tipping-bucket gauge weighing gauge differences in precipitation measurements |
| title | Evaluation of precipitation measurements obtained from different types of rain gauges |
| title_full | Evaluation of precipitation measurements obtained from different types of rain gauges |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of precipitation measurements obtained from different types of rain gauges |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of precipitation measurements obtained from different types of rain gauges |
| title_short | Evaluation of precipitation measurements obtained from different types of rain gauges |
| title_sort | evaluation of precipitation measurements obtained from different types of rain gauges |
| topic | precipitation hellmann gauge tipping-bucket gauge weighing gauge differences in precipitation measurements |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/metz/2021/1084 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT grzegorzurban evaluationofprecipitationmeasurementsobtainedfromdifferenttypesofraingauges AT krzysztofstrug evaluationofprecipitationmeasurementsobtainedfromdifferenttypesofraingauges |