The Effects of Scanning Speed and Standoff Distance of the Fiber on Dusting Efficiency during Short Pulse Holmium: YAG Laser Lithotripsy
To investigate the effects of fiber lateral scanning speed across the stone surface (<i>v<sub>fiber</sub></i>) and fiber standoff distance (SD) on dusting efficiency during short pulse holmium (Ho): YAG laser lithotripsy (LL), pre-soaked BegoStone samples were treated in wate...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/17/5048 |
| _version_ | 1797494800059990016 |
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| author | Junqin Chen Daiwei Li Wenjun Yu Zhiteng Ma Chenhang Li Gaoming Xiang Yuan Wu Junjie Yao Pei Zhong |
| author_facet | Junqin Chen Daiwei Li Wenjun Yu Zhiteng Ma Chenhang Li Gaoming Xiang Yuan Wu Junjie Yao Pei Zhong |
| author_sort | Junqin Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | To investigate the effects of fiber lateral scanning speed across the stone surface (<i>v<sub>fiber</sub></i>) and fiber standoff distance (SD) on dusting efficiency during short pulse holmium (Ho): YAG laser lithotripsy (LL), pre-soaked BegoStone samples were treated in water using 0.2 J/20 Hz at SD of 0.10~0.50 mm with <i>v<sub>fiber</sub></i> in the range of 0~10 mm/s. Bubble dynamics, pressure transients, and stone damage were analyzed. To differentiate photothermal ablation vs. cavitation damage, experiments were repeated in air, or in water with the fiber tip at 0.25 mm proximity from the ureteroscope end to mitigate cavitation damage. At SD = 0.10 mm, the maximum dusting efficiency was produced at <i>v<sub>fiber</sub></i> = 3.5 mm/s, resulting in long (17.5 mm), shallow (0.15 mm), and narrow (0.4 mm) troughs. In contrast, at SD = 0.50 mm, the maximum efficiency was produced at <i>v<sub>fiber</sub></i> = 0.5 mm/s, with much shorter (2.5 mm), yet deeper (0.35 mm) and wider (1.4 mm), troughs. With the ureteroscope end near the fiber tip, stone damage was significantly reduced in water compared to those produced without the ureteroscope. Under clinically relevant <i>v<sub>fiber</sub></i> (1~3 mm/s), dusting at SD = 0.5 mm that promotes cavitation damage may leverage the higher frequency of the laser (e.g., 40 to 120 Hz) and, thus, significantly reduces the procedure time, compared to at SD = 0.1 mm that promotes photothermal ablation. Dusting efficiency during short pulse Ho: YAG LL may be substantially improved by utilizing an optimal combination of <i>v<sub>fiber</sub></i>, SD, and frequency. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:39:30Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0383 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:39:30Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
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| series | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-863b96215f7b48baa5f234ebc27458172023-11-23T13:26:46ZengMDPI AGJournal of Clinical Medicine2077-03832022-08-011117504810.3390/jcm11175048The Effects of Scanning Speed and Standoff Distance of the Fiber on Dusting Efficiency during Short Pulse Holmium: YAG Laser LithotripsyJunqin Chen0Daiwei Li1Wenjun Yu2Zhiteng Ma3Chenhang Li4Gaoming Xiang5Yuan Wu6Junjie Yao7Pei Zhong8Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USAPhotoacoustic Imaging Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USAThomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USAThomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USAThomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USAThomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USADepartment of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708, USAPhotoacoustic Imaging Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USAThomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USATo investigate the effects of fiber lateral scanning speed across the stone surface (<i>v<sub>fiber</sub></i>) and fiber standoff distance (SD) on dusting efficiency during short pulse holmium (Ho): YAG laser lithotripsy (LL), pre-soaked BegoStone samples were treated in water using 0.2 J/20 Hz at SD of 0.10~0.50 mm with <i>v<sub>fiber</sub></i> in the range of 0~10 mm/s. Bubble dynamics, pressure transients, and stone damage were analyzed. To differentiate photothermal ablation vs. cavitation damage, experiments were repeated in air, or in water with the fiber tip at 0.25 mm proximity from the ureteroscope end to mitigate cavitation damage. At SD = 0.10 mm, the maximum dusting efficiency was produced at <i>v<sub>fiber</sub></i> = 3.5 mm/s, resulting in long (17.5 mm), shallow (0.15 mm), and narrow (0.4 mm) troughs. In contrast, at SD = 0.50 mm, the maximum efficiency was produced at <i>v<sub>fiber</sub></i> = 0.5 mm/s, with much shorter (2.5 mm), yet deeper (0.35 mm) and wider (1.4 mm), troughs. With the ureteroscope end near the fiber tip, stone damage was significantly reduced in water compared to those produced without the ureteroscope. Under clinically relevant <i>v<sub>fiber</sub></i> (1~3 mm/s), dusting at SD = 0.5 mm that promotes cavitation damage may leverage the higher frequency of the laser (e.g., 40 to 120 Hz) and, thus, significantly reduces the procedure time, compared to at SD = 0.1 mm that promotes photothermal ablation. Dusting efficiency during short pulse Ho: YAG LL may be substantially improved by utilizing an optimal combination of <i>v<sub>fiber</sub></i>, SD, and frequency.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/17/5048laser lithotripsyfiber scanning speedcavitationmechanisms of stone dusting |
| spellingShingle | Junqin Chen Daiwei Li Wenjun Yu Zhiteng Ma Chenhang Li Gaoming Xiang Yuan Wu Junjie Yao Pei Zhong The Effects of Scanning Speed and Standoff Distance of the Fiber on Dusting Efficiency during Short Pulse Holmium: YAG Laser Lithotripsy Journal of Clinical Medicine laser lithotripsy fiber scanning speed cavitation mechanisms of stone dusting |
| title | The Effects of Scanning Speed and Standoff Distance of the Fiber on Dusting Efficiency during Short Pulse Holmium: YAG Laser Lithotripsy |
| title_full | The Effects of Scanning Speed and Standoff Distance of the Fiber on Dusting Efficiency during Short Pulse Holmium: YAG Laser Lithotripsy |
| title_fullStr | The Effects of Scanning Speed and Standoff Distance of the Fiber on Dusting Efficiency during Short Pulse Holmium: YAG Laser Lithotripsy |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Effects of Scanning Speed and Standoff Distance of the Fiber on Dusting Efficiency during Short Pulse Holmium: YAG Laser Lithotripsy |
| title_short | The Effects of Scanning Speed and Standoff Distance of the Fiber on Dusting Efficiency during Short Pulse Holmium: YAG Laser Lithotripsy |
| title_sort | effects of scanning speed and standoff distance of the fiber on dusting efficiency during short pulse holmium yag laser lithotripsy |
| topic | laser lithotripsy fiber scanning speed cavitation mechanisms of stone dusting |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/17/5048 |
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