Is There a Glutathione Centered Redox Dysregulation Subtype of Schizophrenia?
Schizophrenia continues to be an illness with poor outcome. Most mechanistic changes occur many years before the first episode of schizophrenia; these are not reversible after the illness onset. A developmental mechanism that is still modifiable in adult life may center on intracortical glutathione...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Antioxidants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/11/1703 |
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| author | Lena Palaniyappan Min Tae M. Park Peter Jeon Roberto Limongi Kun Yang Akira Sawa Jean Théberge |
| author_facet | Lena Palaniyappan Min Tae M. Park Peter Jeon Roberto Limongi Kun Yang Akira Sawa Jean Théberge |
| author_sort | Lena Palaniyappan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Schizophrenia continues to be an illness with poor outcome. Most mechanistic changes occur many years before the first episode of schizophrenia; these are not reversible after the illness onset. A developmental mechanism that is still modifiable in adult life may center on intracortical glutathione (GSH). A large body of pre-clinical data has suggested the possibility of notable GSH-deficit in a subgroup of patients with schizophrenia. Nevertheless, studies of intracortical GSH are not conclusive in this regard. In this review, we highlight the recent ultra-high field magnetic resonance spectroscopic studies linking GSH to critical outcome measures across various stages of schizophrenia. We discuss the methodological steps required to conclusively establish or refute the persistence of <i>GSH-deficit</i> subtype and clarify the role of the central antioxidant system in disrupting the brain structure and connectivity in the early stages of schizophrenia. We propose in-vivo GSH quantification for patient selection in forthcoming antioxidant trials in psychosis. This review offers directions for a promising non-dopaminergic early intervention approach in schizophrenia. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:45:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-863ee549baf34924a5417441eed46585 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3921 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:45:16Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj.art-863ee549baf34924a5417441eed465852023-11-22T22:12:28ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212021-10-011011170310.3390/antiox10111703Is There a Glutathione Centered Redox Dysregulation Subtype of Schizophrenia?Lena Palaniyappan0Min Tae M. Park1Peter Jeon2Roberto Limongi3Kun Yang4Akira Sawa5Jean Théberge6Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, CanadaDepartment of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, CanadaDepartment of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, CanadaRobarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, CanadaDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USADepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USADepartment of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, CanadaSchizophrenia continues to be an illness with poor outcome. Most mechanistic changes occur many years before the first episode of schizophrenia; these are not reversible after the illness onset. A developmental mechanism that is still modifiable in adult life may center on intracortical glutathione (GSH). A large body of pre-clinical data has suggested the possibility of notable GSH-deficit in a subgroup of patients with schizophrenia. Nevertheless, studies of intracortical GSH are not conclusive in this regard. In this review, we highlight the recent ultra-high field magnetic resonance spectroscopic studies linking GSH to critical outcome measures across various stages of schizophrenia. We discuss the methodological steps required to conclusively establish or refute the persistence of <i>GSH-deficit</i> subtype and clarify the role of the central antioxidant system in disrupting the brain structure and connectivity in the early stages of schizophrenia. We propose in-vivo GSH quantification for patient selection in forthcoming antioxidant trials in psychosis. This review offers directions for a promising non-dopaminergic early intervention approach in schizophrenia.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/11/1703glutathioneglutamatepsychosisschizophreniaredoxantioxidant |
| spellingShingle | Lena Palaniyappan Min Tae M. Park Peter Jeon Roberto Limongi Kun Yang Akira Sawa Jean Théberge Is There a Glutathione Centered Redox Dysregulation Subtype of Schizophrenia? Antioxidants glutathione glutamate psychosis schizophrenia redox antioxidant |
| title | Is There a Glutathione Centered Redox Dysregulation Subtype of Schizophrenia? |
| title_full | Is There a Glutathione Centered Redox Dysregulation Subtype of Schizophrenia? |
| title_fullStr | Is There a Glutathione Centered Redox Dysregulation Subtype of Schizophrenia? |
| title_full_unstemmed | Is There a Glutathione Centered Redox Dysregulation Subtype of Schizophrenia? |
| title_short | Is There a Glutathione Centered Redox Dysregulation Subtype of Schizophrenia? |
| title_sort | is there a glutathione centered redox dysregulation subtype of schizophrenia |
| topic | glutathione glutamate psychosis schizophrenia redox antioxidant |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/11/1703 |
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