Comprehensive Assessment from Optimum Biodiesel Yield to Combustion Characteristics of Light Duty Diesel Engine Fueled with Palm Kernel Oil Biodiesel and Fuel Additives
Biodiesel is considered as a key prospective renewable energy source in India. Hence, a study was carried out for the improvement of palm kernel oil biodiesel production using a transesterification process at different molar ratios. This study comprehensively examined all aspects of biodiesel from o...
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MDPI AG
2021-07-01
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| author | Senthur Prabu Sabapathy Asokan Morappur Ammasi Esmail Khalife Mohammad Kaveh Mariusz Szymanek Gokul Kuruvakkattu Reghu Prathiba Sabapathy |
| author_facet | Senthur Prabu Sabapathy Asokan Morappur Ammasi Esmail Khalife Mohammad Kaveh Mariusz Szymanek Gokul Kuruvakkattu Reghu Prathiba Sabapathy |
| author_sort | Senthur Prabu Sabapathy |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Biodiesel is considered as a key prospective renewable energy source in India. Hence, a study was carried out for the improvement of palm kernel oil biodiesel production using a transesterification process at different molar ratios. This study comprehensively examined all aspects of biodiesel from optimum production to the effect of additives on its combustion behavior. The optimum yield condition was validated with the MINITAB-17 software and analyzed using the Taguchi method. Two different additives, 5% diethyl ether (DEE) and 2000 ppm Butylated hydroxyltoluene (BHT), were also experimented. Engine experiments were conducted at constant speed (1500 rpm) and five different engine loads (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) on a single-cylinder direct injection diesel engine. Heat release rate, brake specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency, engine emissions, such as CO, HC, NOx, and smoke opacity were analyzed. The maximum palm kernel oil (PKO) biodiesel yields, obtained at 55 °C, for the KOH and NaOH catalysts were 86.69% and 75.21% at the molar ratio of 6:1. B20BHT combustion showed 4.6% higher brake thermal efficiency (BTE). NOx emission was reduced by 19.4%, compared to the diesel fuel values. DEE resulted in higher CO and HC emissions compared to diesel fuel values by 39.2% and 7.6%, respectively, whereas smoke emission was improved by 11.5%. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:12:09Z |
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| id | doaj.art-86450834641a4c689959b3856697ea70 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:12:09Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-86450834641a4c689959b3856697ea702023-11-22T05:54:23ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442021-07-011415427410.3390/ma14154274Comprehensive Assessment from Optimum Biodiesel Yield to Combustion Characteristics of Light Duty Diesel Engine Fueled with Palm Kernel Oil Biodiesel and Fuel AdditivesSenthur Prabu Sabapathy0Asokan Morappur Ammasi1Esmail Khalife2Mohammad Kaveh3Mariusz Szymanek4Gokul Kuruvakkattu Reghu5Prathiba Sabapathy6School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, IndiaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, IndiaDepartment of Civil Engineering, Cihan University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, IraqDepartment of Biosystem Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil 56199-11367, IranDepartment of Agricultural, Forest and Transport Machinery, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 28, 20-612 Lublin, PolandSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, IndiaDepartment of Chemical Engineering, SSN College of Engineering, Chennai 603110, IndiaBiodiesel is considered as a key prospective renewable energy source in India. Hence, a study was carried out for the improvement of palm kernel oil biodiesel production using a transesterification process at different molar ratios. This study comprehensively examined all aspects of biodiesel from optimum production to the effect of additives on its combustion behavior. The optimum yield condition was validated with the MINITAB-17 software and analyzed using the Taguchi method. Two different additives, 5% diethyl ether (DEE) and 2000 ppm Butylated hydroxyltoluene (BHT), were also experimented. Engine experiments were conducted at constant speed (1500 rpm) and five different engine loads (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) on a single-cylinder direct injection diesel engine. Heat release rate, brake specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency, engine emissions, such as CO, HC, NOx, and smoke opacity were analyzed. The maximum palm kernel oil (PKO) biodiesel yields, obtained at 55 °C, for the KOH and NaOH catalysts were 86.69% and 75.21% at the molar ratio of 6:1. B20BHT combustion showed 4.6% higher brake thermal efficiency (BTE). NOx emission was reduced by 19.4%, compared to the diesel fuel values. DEE resulted in higher CO and HC emissions compared to diesel fuel values by 39.2% and 7.6%, respectively, whereas smoke emission was improved by 11.5%.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/15/4274biodieseldiesel enginecombustiontransesterificationBHTDEE |
| spellingShingle | Senthur Prabu Sabapathy Asokan Morappur Ammasi Esmail Khalife Mohammad Kaveh Mariusz Szymanek Gokul Kuruvakkattu Reghu Prathiba Sabapathy Comprehensive Assessment from Optimum Biodiesel Yield to Combustion Characteristics of Light Duty Diesel Engine Fueled with Palm Kernel Oil Biodiesel and Fuel Additives Materials biodiesel diesel engine combustion transesterification BHT DEE |
| title | Comprehensive Assessment from Optimum Biodiesel Yield to Combustion Characteristics of Light Duty Diesel Engine Fueled with Palm Kernel Oil Biodiesel and Fuel Additives |
| title_full | Comprehensive Assessment from Optimum Biodiesel Yield to Combustion Characteristics of Light Duty Diesel Engine Fueled with Palm Kernel Oil Biodiesel and Fuel Additives |
| title_fullStr | Comprehensive Assessment from Optimum Biodiesel Yield to Combustion Characteristics of Light Duty Diesel Engine Fueled with Palm Kernel Oil Biodiesel and Fuel Additives |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comprehensive Assessment from Optimum Biodiesel Yield to Combustion Characteristics of Light Duty Diesel Engine Fueled with Palm Kernel Oil Biodiesel and Fuel Additives |
| title_short | Comprehensive Assessment from Optimum Biodiesel Yield to Combustion Characteristics of Light Duty Diesel Engine Fueled with Palm Kernel Oil Biodiesel and Fuel Additives |
| title_sort | comprehensive assessment from optimum biodiesel yield to combustion characteristics of light duty diesel engine fueled with palm kernel oil biodiesel and fuel additives |
| topic | biodiesel diesel engine combustion transesterification BHT DEE |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/15/4274 |
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