Dosage Compensation and Gene Expression of the X Chromosome in Sheep
Ohno’s hypothesis predicts that the expression of the single X chromosome in males needs compensatory upregulation to balance its dosage with that of the diploid autosomes. Additionally, X chromosome inactivation ensures that quadruple expression of the two X chromosomes is avoided in females. These...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Oxford University Press
2019-01-01
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| Series: | G3: Genes, Genomes, Genetics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://g3journal.org/lookup/doi/10.1534/g3.118.200815 |
| _version_ | 1818657345298759680 |
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| author | Jingyue (Ellie) Duan Kaleigh Flock Nathanial Jue Mingyuan Zhang Amanda Jones Sahar Al Seesi Ion Mandoiu Sambhu Pillai Maria Hoffman Rachel O’Neill Steven Zinn Kristen Govoni Sarah Reed Hesheng Jiang Zongliang (Carl) Jiang Xiuchun (Cindy) Tian |
| author_facet | Jingyue (Ellie) Duan Kaleigh Flock Nathanial Jue Mingyuan Zhang Amanda Jones Sahar Al Seesi Ion Mandoiu Sambhu Pillai Maria Hoffman Rachel O’Neill Steven Zinn Kristen Govoni Sarah Reed Hesheng Jiang Zongliang (Carl) Jiang Xiuchun (Cindy) Tian |
| author_sort | Jingyue (Ellie) Duan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ohno’s hypothesis predicts that the expression of the single X chromosome in males needs compensatory upregulation to balance its dosage with that of the diploid autosomes. Additionally, X chromosome inactivation ensures that quadruple expression of the two X chromosomes is avoided in females. These mechanisms have been actively studied in mice and humans but lag behind in domestic species. Using RNA sequencing data, we analyzed the X chromosome upregulation in sheep fetal tissues from day 135 of gestation under control, over or restricted maternal diets (100%, 140% and 60% of National Research Council Total Digestible Nutrients), and in conceptuses, juvenile, and adult somatic tissues. By computing the mean expression ratio of all X-linked genes to all autosomal genes (X:A), we found that all samples displayed some levels of X chromosome upregulation. The degrees of X upregulation were not significant (P-value = 0.74) between ovine females and males in the same somatic tissues. Brain, however, displayed complete X upregulation. Interestingly, the male and female reproduction-related tissues exhibited divergent X dosage upregulation. Moreover, expression upregulation of the X chromosome in fetal tissues was not affected by maternal diets. Maternal nutrition, however, did change expression levels of several X-linked genes, such as sex determination genes SOX3 and NR0B1. In summary, our results showed that X chromosome upregulation occurred in nearly all sheep somatic tissues analyzed, thus support Ohno’s hypothesis in a new species. However, the levels of upregulation differed by different subgroups of genes such as those that are house-keeping and “dosage-sensitive”. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-17T03:40:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-864b5ffcf0614b31a7f65df7c0eed917 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2160-1836 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-17T03:40:00Z |
| publishDate | 2019-01-01 |
| publisher | Oxford University Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | G3: Genes, Genomes, Genetics |
| spelling | doaj.art-864b5ffcf0614b31a7f65df7c0eed9172022-12-21T22:05:02ZengOxford University PressG3: Genes, Genomes, Genetics2160-18362019-01-019130531410.1534/g3.118.20081528Dosage Compensation and Gene Expression of the X Chromosome in SheepJingyue (Ellie) DuanKaleigh FlockNathanial JueMingyuan ZhangAmanda JonesSahar Al SeesiIon MandoiuSambhu PillaiMaria HoffmanRachel O’NeillSteven ZinnKristen GovoniSarah ReedHesheng JiangZongliang (Carl) JiangXiuchun (Cindy) TianOhno’s hypothesis predicts that the expression of the single X chromosome in males needs compensatory upregulation to balance its dosage with that of the diploid autosomes. Additionally, X chromosome inactivation ensures that quadruple expression of the two X chromosomes is avoided in females. These mechanisms have been actively studied in mice and humans but lag behind in domestic species. Using RNA sequencing data, we analyzed the X chromosome upregulation in sheep fetal tissues from day 135 of gestation under control, over or restricted maternal diets (100%, 140% and 60% of National Research Council Total Digestible Nutrients), and in conceptuses, juvenile, and adult somatic tissues. By computing the mean expression ratio of all X-linked genes to all autosomal genes (X:A), we found that all samples displayed some levels of X chromosome upregulation. The degrees of X upregulation were not significant (P-value = 0.74) between ovine females and males in the same somatic tissues. Brain, however, displayed complete X upregulation. Interestingly, the male and female reproduction-related tissues exhibited divergent X dosage upregulation. Moreover, expression upregulation of the X chromosome in fetal tissues was not affected by maternal diets. Maternal nutrition, however, did change expression levels of several X-linked genes, such as sex determination genes SOX3 and NR0B1. In summary, our results showed that X chromosome upregulation occurred in nearly all sheep somatic tissues analyzed, thus support Ohno’s hypothesis in a new species. However, the levels of upregulation differed by different subgroups of genes such as those that are house-keeping and “dosage-sensitive”.http://g3journal.org/lookup/doi/10.1534/g3.118.200815Ohno’s hypothesisX chromosome upregulationMaternal nutritionOvine |
| spellingShingle | Jingyue (Ellie) Duan Kaleigh Flock Nathanial Jue Mingyuan Zhang Amanda Jones Sahar Al Seesi Ion Mandoiu Sambhu Pillai Maria Hoffman Rachel O’Neill Steven Zinn Kristen Govoni Sarah Reed Hesheng Jiang Zongliang (Carl) Jiang Xiuchun (Cindy) Tian Dosage Compensation and Gene Expression of the X Chromosome in Sheep G3: Genes, Genomes, Genetics Ohno’s hypothesis X chromosome upregulation Maternal nutrition Ovine |
| title | Dosage Compensation and Gene Expression of the X Chromosome in Sheep |
| title_full | Dosage Compensation and Gene Expression of the X Chromosome in Sheep |
| title_fullStr | Dosage Compensation and Gene Expression of the X Chromosome in Sheep |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dosage Compensation and Gene Expression of the X Chromosome in Sheep |
| title_short | Dosage Compensation and Gene Expression of the X Chromosome in Sheep |
| title_sort | dosage compensation and gene expression of the x chromosome in sheep |
| topic | Ohno’s hypothesis X chromosome upregulation Maternal nutrition Ovine |
| url | http://g3journal.org/lookup/doi/10.1534/g3.118.200815 |
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