Breakdown of Self-Incompatibility in Citrus by Temperature Stress, Bud Pollination and Polyploidization
Self-incompatibility (SI) is present in around half of all species of flowering plants. SI limits endogamy and contributes to increased genetic diversity. SI is a very important trait in citrus because, when coupled with parthenocarpy, it allows seedless fruit production. Otherwise, SI is an impedim...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Agriculture |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/12/2/273 |
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| author | Rafael Montalt Laura Prósper María Carmen Vives Luis Navarro Patrick Ollitrault Pablo Aleza |
| author_facet | Rafael Montalt Laura Prósper María Carmen Vives Luis Navarro Patrick Ollitrault Pablo Aleza |
| author_sort | Rafael Montalt |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Self-incompatibility (SI) is present in around half of all species of flowering plants. SI limits endogamy and contributes to increased genetic diversity. SI is a very important trait in citrus because, when coupled with parthenocarpy, it allows seedless fruit production. Otherwise, SI is an impediment to genetic studies and breeding programs. Temperature stress, bud pollination and polyploidization can induce the breakdown of the SI mechanism in several species. In this work, we investigated how the SI mechanism can be broken down in two self-incompatible diploid citrus genotypes: ‘Fortune’ mandarin and ‘Clemenules’ clementine. The influence of temperature stress on the SI mechanism was assessed in self-pollinated flowers of ‘Fortune’ mandarins subjected to 2 temperature regimes (10 °C and 30 °C), whereas the bud pollination effect was investigated in the same genotype and in ‘Clemenules’ clementines cultivated under field conditions. The tetraploid ‘Clemenules’ clementine cultivated under field conditions was used to study if tetraploidization can bypass the SI reaction. Histological observations of pollen tube growth and seed production in self-pollinated flowers were used to evaluate the breakdown of SI, while the genetic analysis with SSR and SNP markers confirmed that all recovered plants were zygotic and had been originated by selfing. Our results confirm that the SI reaction can be surpassed by temperature stress, bud pollination and tetraploidy. To our knowledge, this is the first report in citrus in which the SI reaction breakdown by these three different strategies is demonstrated by molecular markers. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:52:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-865241237ab0401eb19a4379e66672a5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0472 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:52:24Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agriculture |
| spelling | doaj.art-865241237ab0401eb19a4379e66672a52023-11-23T18:17:32ZengMDPI AGAgriculture2077-04722022-02-0112227310.3390/agriculture12020273Breakdown of Self-Incompatibility in Citrus by Temperature Stress, Bud Pollination and PolyploidizationRafael Montalt0Laura Prósper1María Carmen Vives2Luis Navarro3Patrick Ollitrault4Pablo Aleza5Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Carretera CV-315, km 10.7, Moncada, 46113 Valencia, SpainCentro de Citricultura y Producción Vegetal, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Carretera CV-315, km 10.7, Moncada, 46113 Valencia, SpainCentro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Carretera CV-315, km 10.7, Moncada, 46113 Valencia, SpainCentro de Citricultura y Producción Vegetal, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Carretera CV-315, km 10.7, Moncada, 46113 Valencia, SpainUMR AGAP, CIRAD, 20230 San Giuliano, FranceCentro de Citricultura y Producción Vegetal, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Carretera CV-315, km 10.7, Moncada, 46113 Valencia, SpainSelf-incompatibility (SI) is present in around half of all species of flowering plants. SI limits endogamy and contributes to increased genetic diversity. SI is a very important trait in citrus because, when coupled with parthenocarpy, it allows seedless fruit production. Otherwise, SI is an impediment to genetic studies and breeding programs. Temperature stress, bud pollination and polyploidization can induce the breakdown of the SI mechanism in several species. In this work, we investigated how the SI mechanism can be broken down in two self-incompatible diploid citrus genotypes: ‘Fortune’ mandarin and ‘Clemenules’ clementine. The influence of temperature stress on the SI mechanism was assessed in self-pollinated flowers of ‘Fortune’ mandarins subjected to 2 temperature regimes (10 °C and 30 °C), whereas the bud pollination effect was investigated in the same genotype and in ‘Clemenules’ clementines cultivated under field conditions. The tetraploid ‘Clemenules’ clementine cultivated under field conditions was used to study if tetraploidization can bypass the SI reaction. Histological observations of pollen tube growth and seed production in self-pollinated flowers were used to evaluate the breakdown of SI, while the genetic analysis with SSR and SNP markers confirmed that all recovered plants were zygotic and had been originated by selfing. Our results confirm that the SI reaction can be surpassed by temperature stress, bud pollination and tetraploidy. To our knowledge, this is the first report in citrus in which the SI reaction breakdown by these three different strategies is demonstrated by molecular markers.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/12/2/273mandarinflower developmental stageanthesisself-pollinationpollen tubetetraploid |
| spellingShingle | Rafael Montalt Laura Prósper María Carmen Vives Luis Navarro Patrick Ollitrault Pablo Aleza Breakdown of Self-Incompatibility in Citrus by Temperature Stress, Bud Pollination and Polyploidization Agriculture mandarin flower developmental stage anthesis self-pollination pollen tube tetraploid |
| title | Breakdown of Self-Incompatibility in Citrus by Temperature Stress, Bud Pollination and Polyploidization |
| title_full | Breakdown of Self-Incompatibility in Citrus by Temperature Stress, Bud Pollination and Polyploidization |
| title_fullStr | Breakdown of Self-Incompatibility in Citrus by Temperature Stress, Bud Pollination and Polyploidization |
| title_full_unstemmed | Breakdown of Self-Incompatibility in Citrus by Temperature Stress, Bud Pollination and Polyploidization |
| title_short | Breakdown of Self-Incompatibility in Citrus by Temperature Stress, Bud Pollination and Polyploidization |
| title_sort | breakdown of self incompatibility in citrus by temperature stress bud pollination and polyploidization |
| topic | mandarin flower developmental stage anthesis self-pollination pollen tube tetraploid |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/12/2/273 |
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