Screening Questionnaire for Vitamin D Insufficiency in Children with Obesity
Non-invasive screening tools to identify children at high risk of vitamin D (VitD) deficiency are proactive measures in preventive care. Recently, a validated questionnaire (Evaluation dEficieNCy Questionnaire, EVIDENCe-Q) for identifying newly diagnosed VitD-insufficient adults has been developed....
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-11-01
|
| Series: | Children |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/9/11/1685 |
| _version_ | 1827646940776497152 |
|---|---|
| author | Valeria Calcaterra Hellas Cena Ginevra Biino Roberta Grazi Giulio Bortoni Valentina Braschi Chiara Elena Tomasinelli Laura Schneider Gianvincenzo Zuccotti |
| author_facet | Valeria Calcaterra Hellas Cena Ginevra Biino Roberta Grazi Giulio Bortoni Valentina Braschi Chiara Elena Tomasinelli Laura Schneider Gianvincenzo Zuccotti |
| author_sort | Valeria Calcaterra |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Non-invasive screening tools to identify children at high risk of vitamin D (VitD) deficiency are proactive measures in preventive care. Recently, a validated questionnaire (Evaluation dEficieNCy Questionnaire, EVIDENCe-Q) for identifying newly diagnosed VitD-insufficient adults has been developed. We tested the EVIDENCe-Q modified for children with obesity and evaluated the correlation between VitD and questionnaire scores to adapt this tool to the pediatric population. We enrolled 120 children with obesity (BMI ≥ 2). Clinical evaluation and VitD levels were considered. The modified EVIDENCe-Q included information regarding factors affecting control of VitD, with scores ranging between 0 (best) and 36 (worst). VitD and adiposity indices were inversely correlated. The threshold values for identifying severe deficiency (<10 mg/dL), deficiency (<20 mg/dL) and insufficiency (<30 mg/dL) were scores of 21, 19 and 23, respectively. According to those thresholds, the prevalence of severe deficiency, deficiency and insufficiency was 47.5%, 69.2% and 23.3%, respectively; the best accuracy was obtained with a questionnaire score cut-off of 19 for the VitD deficiency level. A novel simple screening tool such as the modified EVIDENCe-Q would be useful in clinical practice to identify potential cases of hypovitaminosis D and select at-risk patients. Considering the limited accuracy and specificity of our results, for the pediatric population a dedicated tool should be created. Phases of childhood and the role of adipose tissue could be considered in the definition of a questionnaire intended for pediatric patients with obesity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:10:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8653a6c195a94fe484316dc6603a679e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:10:28Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Children |
| spelling | doaj.art-8653a6c195a94fe484316dc6603a679e2023-11-24T04:12:10ZengMDPI AGChildren2227-90672022-11-01911168510.3390/children9111685Screening Questionnaire for Vitamin D Insufficiency in Children with ObesityValeria Calcaterra0Hellas Cena1Ginevra Biino2Roberta Grazi3Giulio Bortoni4Valentina Braschi5Chiara Elena Tomasinelli6Laura Schneider7Gianvincenzo Zuccotti8Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, ItalyLaboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, ItalyInstitute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council of Italy, 27100 Pavia, ItalyPediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milano, ItalyLaboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, ItalyLaboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, ItalyLaboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, ItalyPediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milano, ItalyPediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milano, ItalyNon-invasive screening tools to identify children at high risk of vitamin D (VitD) deficiency are proactive measures in preventive care. Recently, a validated questionnaire (Evaluation dEficieNCy Questionnaire, EVIDENCe-Q) for identifying newly diagnosed VitD-insufficient adults has been developed. We tested the EVIDENCe-Q modified for children with obesity and evaluated the correlation between VitD and questionnaire scores to adapt this tool to the pediatric population. We enrolled 120 children with obesity (BMI ≥ 2). Clinical evaluation and VitD levels were considered. The modified EVIDENCe-Q included information regarding factors affecting control of VitD, with scores ranging between 0 (best) and 36 (worst). VitD and adiposity indices were inversely correlated. The threshold values for identifying severe deficiency (<10 mg/dL), deficiency (<20 mg/dL) and insufficiency (<30 mg/dL) were scores of 21, 19 and 23, respectively. According to those thresholds, the prevalence of severe deficiency, deficiency and insufficiency was 47.5%, 69.2% and 23.3%, respectively; the best accuracy was obtained with a questionnaire score cut-off of 19 for the VitD deficiency level. A novel simple screening tool such as the modified EVIDENCe-Q would be useful in clinical practice to identify potential cases of hypovitaminosis D and select at-risk patients. Considering the limited accuracy and specificity of our results, for the pediatric population a dedicated tool should be created. Phases of childhood and the role of adipose tissue could be considered in the definition of a questionnaire intended for pediatric patients with obesity.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/9/11/1685VitDpediatric obesityscreening toolinsufficiencyquestionnaire |
| spellingShingle | Valeria Calcaterra Hellas Cena Ginevra Biino Roberta Grazi Giulio Bortoni Valentina Braschi Chiara Elena Tomasinelli Laura Schneider Gianvincenzo Zuccotti Screening Questionnaire for Vitamin D Insufficiency in Children with Obesity Children VitD pediatric obesity screening tool insufficiency questionnaire |
| title | Screening Questionnaire for Vitamin D Insufficiency in Children with Obesity |
| title_full | Screening Questionnaire for Vitamin D Insufficiency in Children with Obesity |
| title_fullStr | Screening Questionnaire for Vitamin D Insufficiency in Children with Obesity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Screening Questionnaire for Vitamin D Insufficiency in Children with Obesity |
| title_short | Screening Questionnaire for Vitamin D Insufficiency in Children with Obesity |
| title_sort | screening questionnaire for vitamin d insufficiency in children with obesity |
| topic | VitD pediatric obesity screening tool insufficiency questionnaire |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/9/11/1685 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT valeriacalcaterra screeningquestionnaireforvitamindinsufficiencyinchildrenwithobesity AT hellascena screeningquestionnaireforvitamindinsufficiencyinchildrenwithobesity AT ginevrabiino screeningquestionnaireforvitamindinsufficiencyinchildrenwithobesity AT robertagrazi screeningquestionnaireforvitamindinsufficiencyinchildrenwithobesity AT giuliobortoni screeningquestionnaireforvitamindinsufficiencyinchildrenwithobesity AT valentinabraschi screeningquestionnaireforvitamindinsufficiencyinchildrenwithobesity AT chiaraelenatomasinelli screeningquestionnaireforvitamindinsufficiencyinchildrenwithobesity AT lauraschneider screeningquestionnaireforvitamindinsufficiencyinchildrenwithobesity AT gianvincenzozuccotti screeningquestionnaireforvitamindinsufficiencyinchildrenwithobesity |