Blue-Winged Teals in Guatemala and Their Potential Role in the Ecology of H14 Subtype Influenza a Viruses
Wild aquatic birds are considered the natural hosts of 16 HA (H1–H16) and 9 NA (N1–N9) subtypes of influenza A viruses (FLUAV) found in different combinations. H14 FLUAVs are rarely detected in nature. Since 2011, H14 FLUAVs have been consistently detected in Guatemala, leading to the largest collec...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/2/483 |
| _version_ | 1827755128220811264 |
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| author | Lucia Ortiz Ginger Geiger Lucas Ferreri David Moran Dione Mendez Ana Silvia Gonzalez-Reiche Danilo Alvarez Mayra Motta Francisco Escobar Daniela Rajao Celia Cordon-Rosales Martha I. Nelson Daniel R. Perez |
| author_facet | Lucia Ortiz Ginger Geiger Lucas Ferreri David Moran Dione Mendez Ana Silvia Gonzalez-Reiche Danilo Alvarez Mayra Motta Francisco Escobar Daniela Rajao Celia Cordon-Rosales Martha I. Nelson Daniel R. Perez |
| author_sort | Lucia Ortiz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Wild aquatic birds are considered the natural hosts of 16 HA (H1–H16) and 9 NA (N1–N9) subtypes of influenza A viruses (FLUAV) found in different combinations. H14 FLUAVs are rarely detected in nature. Since 2011, H14 FLUAVs have been consistently detected in Guatemala, leading to the largest collection of this subtype from a single country. All H14 FLUAVs in Guatemala were detected from blue-winged teal samples. In this report, 17 new full-length H14 FLUAV genome sequences detected from 2014 until 2019 were analyzed and compared to all published H14 sequences, including Guatemala, North America, and Eurasia. The H14 FLUAVs identified in Guatemala were mostly associated with the N3 subtype (<i>n</i> = 25), whereas the rest were paired with either N4 (<i>n</i> = 7), N5 (<i>n</i> = 4), N6 (<i>n</i> = 1), and two mixed infections (N3/N5 <i>n</i> = 2, and N2/N3 <i>n</i> = 1). H14 FLUAVs in Guatemala belong to a distinct H14 lineage in the Americas that is evolving independently from the Eurasian H14 lineage. Of note, the ORF of the H14 HA segments showed three distinct motifs at the cleavage site, two of these containing arginine instead of lysine in the first and fourth positions, not previously described in other countries. The effects of these mutations on virus replication, virulence, and/or transmission remain unknown and warrant further studies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:00:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8654859f8e4f46c8858a2c5ddf246fb6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:00:51Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-8654859f8e4f46c8858a2c5ddf246fb62023-11-16T23:49:37ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152023-02-0115248310.3390/v15020483Blue-Winged Teals in Guatemala and Their Potential Role in the Ecology of H14 Subtype Influenza a VirusesLucia Ortiz0Ginger Geiger1Lucas Ferreri2David Moran3Dione Mendez4Ana Silvia Gonzalez-Reiche5Danilo Alvarez6Mayra Motta7Francisco Escobar8Daniela Rajao9Celia Cordon-Rosales10Martha I. Nelson11Daniel R. Perez12Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USAPoultry Diagnostic and Research Center, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USADepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USACentro de Estudios en Salud, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City 01015, GuatemalaCentro de Estudios en Salud, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City 01015, GuatemalaDepartment of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USACentro de Estudios en Salud, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City 01015, GuatemalaLaboratorio de Referencia Regional de Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad del San Carlos de Guatemala, Guatemala City 01012, GuatemalaLaboratorio de Referencia Regional de Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad del San Carlos de Guatemala, Guatemala City 01012, GuatemalaPoultry Diagnostic and Research Center, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USACentro de Estudios en Salud, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City 01015, GuatemalaComputational Biology Branch, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USAPoultry Diagnostic and Research Center, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USAWild aquatic birds are considered the natural hosts of 16 HA (H1–H16) and 9 NA (N1–N9) subtypes of influenza A viruses (FLUAV) found in different combinations. H14 FLUAVs are rarely detected in nature. Since 2011, H14 FLUAVs have been consistently detected in Guatemala, leading to the largest collection of this subtype from a single country. All H14 FLUAVs in Guatemala were detected from blue-winged teal samples. In this report, 17 new full-length H14 FLUAV genome sequences detected from 2014 until 2019 were analyzed and compared to all published H14 sequences, including Guatemala, North America, and Eurasia. The H14 FLUAVs identified in Guatemala were mostly associated with the N3 subtype (<i>n</i> = 25), whereas the rest were paired with either N4 (<i>n</i> = 7), N5 (<i>n</i> = 4), N6 (<i>n</i> = 1), and two mixed infections (N3/N5 <i>n</i> = 2, and N2/N3 <i>n</i> = 1). H14 FLUAVs in Guatemala belong to a distinct H14 lineage in the Americas that is evolving independently from the Eurasian H14 lineage. Of note, the ORF of the H14 HA segments showed three distinct motifs at the cleavage site, two of these containing arginine instead of lysine in the first and fourth positions, not previously described in other countries. The effects of these mutations on virus replication, virulence, and/or transmission remain unknown and warrant further studies.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/2/483avian influenzablue-winged tealsH14 subtypeGuatemalasurveillance |
| spellingShingle | Lucia Ortiz Ginger Geiger Lucas Ferreri David Moran Dione Mendez Ana Silvia Gonzalez-Reiche Danilo Alvarez Mayra Motta Francisco Escobar Daniela Rajao Celia Cordon-Rosales Martha I. Nelson Daniel R. Perez Blue-Winged Teals in Guatemala and Their Potential Role in the Ecology of H14 Subtype Influenza a Viruses Viruses avian influenza blue-winged teals H14 subtype Guatemala surveillance |
| title | Blue-Winged Teals in Guatemala and Their Potential Role in the Ecology of H14 Subtype Influenza a Viruses |
| title_full | Blue-Winged Teals in Guatemala and Their Potential Role in the Ecology of H14 Subtype Influenza a Viruses |
| title_fullStr | Blue-Winged Teals in Guatemala and Their Potential Role in the Ecology of H14 Subtype Influenza a Viruses |
| title_full_unstemmed | Blue-Winged Teals in Guatemala and Their Potential Role in the Ecology of H14 Subtype Influenza a Viruses |
| title_short | Blue-Winged Teals in Guatemala and Their Potential Role in the Ecology of H14 Subtype Influenza a Viruses |
| title_sort | blue winged teals in guatemala and their potential role in the ecology of h14 subtype influenza a viruses |
| topic | avian influenza blue-winged teals H14 subtype Guatemala surveillance |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/2/483 |
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