Aggregator to Electric Vehicle LoRaWAN Based Communication Analysis in Vehicle-to-Grid Systems in Smart Cities
Recently, there has been growing attention to the power grid management due to the increasing concerns on global warming. With the advancement in electric vehicles (EV) industry and the evolution in batteries, EVs become an important contributor to the grid with capability of bidirectional power exc...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IEEE
2020-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Access |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9134719/ |
| _version_ | 1828170553499844608 |
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| author | Hicham Klaina Imanol Picallo Guembe Peio Lopez-Iturri Jose Javier Astrain Leyre Azpilicueta Otman Aghzout Ana Vazquez Alejos Francisco Falcone |
| author_facet | Hicham Klaina Imanol Picallo Guembe Peio Lopez-Iturri Jose Javier Astrain Leyre Azpilicueta Otman Aghzout Ana Vazquez Alejos Francisco Falcone |
| author_sort | Hicham Klaina |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Recently, there has been growing attention to the power grid management due to the increasing concerns on global warming. With the advancement in electric vehicles (EV) industry and the evolution in batteries, EVs become an important contributor to the grid with capability of bidirectional power exchange with the grid. In this context, Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) systems enable multiple functionalities between EVs and the corresponding aggregator. Thus, reliable, long-range communication capabilities between aggregator and EVs is compulsory. In this paper, wireless channel analysis for aggregator and electrical vehicle communication using Long-Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) technology in V2G is presented, in order to test a low-cost solution with large coverage and reduced power consumption profile. Wireless channel and system-level measurements have been performed in a real urban scenario between EV’s charging station in Pamplona (Spain) and a vehicle in motion using LoRaWAN 868 MHz devices. Wireless channel characterization is performed by implementing a full 3D urban scenario model, including elements such as buildings, vehicles, users and urban infrastructure such as lamp posts and benches. By means of in-house developed 3D Ray Launching algorithm with hybrid simulation capabilities, estimations of received power levels, signal to noise ratio and time domain parameters have been obtained, for the complete volume of the scenario under test in dense urban conditions. V2G end to end communication has been validated by implementing an intra-vehicle Controller Area Network-BUS (CAN BUS) data gathering system connected to the vehicle LoRaWAN transceiver and subsequently, to a cloud-based web service. The results show that the accurate deterministic based radio channel analysis enables to optimize the network design of LoRaWAN networks in a vehicular environment, considering inter-vehicular and infrastructure links, enabling scalable, low cost end to end data exchange for the deployment of ancillary V2G services. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T03:12:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-865571bd3c9e433486068ad1b41e097a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2169-3536 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T03:12:23Z |
| publishDate | 2020-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Access |
| spelling | doaj.art-865571bd3c9e433486068ad1b41e097a2022-12-22T03:50:18ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362020-01-01812468812470110.1109/ACCESS.2020.30075979134719Aggregator to Electric Vehicle LoRaWAN Based Communication Analysis in Vehicle-to-Grid Systems in Smart CitiesHicham Klaina0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7404-6413Imanol Picallo Guembe1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2109-4731Peio Lopez-Iturri2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8411-1928Jose Javier Astrain3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7792-6317Leyre Azpilicueta4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3821-0105Otman Aghzout5Ana Vazquez Alejos6https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3426-2909Francisco Falcone7https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4911-9753Department of Teoría de la Señal y comunicación, University of Vigo, Vigo, SpainElectric, Electronic and Communication Engineering Department, Public University of Navarre, Pamplona, SpainElectric, Electronic and Communication Engineering Department, Public University of Navarre, Pamplona, SpainInstitute of Smart Cities, Public University of Navarre, Pamplona, SpainSchool of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, MexicoSIGL Laboratory, ENSA-Tetouan, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, MoroccoDepartment of Teoría de la Señal y comunicación, University of Vigo, Vigo, SpainElectric, Electronic and Communication Engineering Department, Public University of Navarre, Pamplona, SpainRecently, there has been growing attention to the power grid management due to the increasing concerns on global warming. With the advancement in electric vehicles (EV) industry and the evolution in batteries, EVs become an important contributor to the grid with capability of bidirectional power exchange with the grid. In this context, Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) systems enable multiple functionalities between EVs and the corresponding aggregator. Thus, reliable, long-range communication capabilities between aggregator and EVs is compulsory. In this paper, wireless channel analysis for aggregator and electrical vehicle communication using Long-Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) technology in V2G is presented, in order to test a low-cost solution with large coverage and reduced power consumption profile. Wireless channel and system-level measurements have been performed in a real urban scenario between EV’s charging station in Pamplona (Spain) and a vehicle in motion using LoRaWAN 868 MHz devices. Wireless channel characterization is performed by implementing a full 3D urban scenario model, including elements such as buildings, vehicles, users and urban infrastructure such as lamp posts and benches. By means of in-house developed 3D Ray Launching algorithm with hybrid simulation capabilities, estimations of received power levels, signal to noise ratio and time domain parameters have been obtained, for the complete volume of the scenario under test in dense urban conditions. V2G end to end communication has been validated by implementing an intra-vehicle Controller Area Network-BUS (CAN BUS) data gathering system connected to the vehicle LoRaWAN transceiver and subsequently, to a cloud-based web service. The results show that the accurate deterministic based radio channel analysis enables to optimize the network design of LoRaWAN networks in a vehicular environment, considering inter-vehicular and infrastructure links, enabling scalable, low cost end to end data exchange for the deployment of ancillary V2G services.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9134719/Vehicle to grid (V2G)smart citiesLoRaWAN3D ray launching (3D-RL)radiofrequency characterization |
| spellingShingle | Hicham Klaina Imanol Picallo Guembe Peio Lopez-Iturri Jose Javier Astrain Leyre Azpilicueta Otman Aghzout Ana Vazquez Alejos Francisco Falcone Aggregator to Electric Vehicle LoRaWAN Based Communication Analysis in Vehicle-to-Grid Systems in Smart Cities IEEE Access Vehicle to grid (V2G) smart cities LoRaWAN 3D ray launching (3D-RL) radiofrequency characterization |
| title | Aggregator to Electric Vehicle LoRaWAN Based Communication Analysis in Vehicle-to-Grid Systems in Smart Cities |
| title_full | Aggregator to Electric Vehicle LoRaWAN Based Communication Analysis in Vehicle-to-Grid Systems in Smart Cities |
| title_fullStr | Aggregator to Electric Vehicle LoRaWAN Based Communication Analysis in Vehicle-to-Grid Systems in Smart Cities |
| title_full_unstemmed | Aggregator to Electric Vehicle LoRaWAN Based Communication Analysis in Vehicle-to-Grid Systems in Smart Cities |
| title_short | Aggregator to Electric Vehicle LoRaWAN Based Communication Analysis in Vehicle-to-Grid Systems in Smart Cities |
| title_sort | aggregator to electric vehicle lorawan based communication analysis in vehicle to grid systems in smart cities |
| topic | Vehicle to grid (V2G) smart cities LoRaWAN 3D ray launching (3D-RL) radiofrequency characterization |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9134719/ |
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