T Helper 2-Associated Immunity in the Pathogenesis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease that mainly affects women in their reproductive years. A complex interaction of environmental and genetic factors leads to the disruption of immune tolerance towards self, causing overt immune activation and production of autoantibod...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.866549/full |
| _version_ | 1818355828087848960 |
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| author | Haeun Ko Chan Johng Kim Chan Johng Kim Sin-Hyeog Im Sin-Hyeog Im Sin-Hyeog Im |
| author_facet | Haeun Ko Chan Johng Kim Chan Johng Kim Sin-Hyeog Im Sin-Hyeog Im Sin-Hyeog Im |
| author_sort | Haeun Ko |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease that mainly affects women in their reproductive years. A complex interaction of environmental and genetic factors leads to the disruption of immune tolerance towards self, causing overt immune activation and production of autoantibodies that attack multiple organs. Kidney damage, termed lupus nephritis, is the leading cause of SLE-related morbidity and mortality. Autoantibodies are central to propagating lupus nephritis through forming immune complexes and triggering complements. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) potently activates complement; therefore, autoantibodies were mainly considered to be of the IgG isotype. However, studies revealed that over 50% of patients produce autoantibodies of the IgE isotype. IgE autoantibodies actively participate in disease pathogenesis as omalizumab treatment, a humanized anti-IgE monoclonal antibody, improved disease severity in an SLE clinical trial. IgE is a hallmark of T helper 2-associated immunity. Thus, T helper 2-associated immunity seems to play a pathogenic role in a subset of SLE patients. This review summarizes human and animal studies that illustrate type 2 immune responses involved during the pathology of SLE. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T19:47:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-865750bd37c94584b4eaf89bba05d222 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T19:47:31Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-865750bd37c94584b4eaf89bba05d2222022-12-21T23:33:32ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242022-04-011310.3389/fimmu.2022.866549866549T Helper 2-Associated Immunity in the Pathogenesis of Systemic Lupus ErythematosusHaeun Ko0Chan Johng Kim1Chan Johng Kim2Sin-Hyeog Im3Sin-Hyeog Im4Sin-Hyeog Im5Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South KoreaDepartment of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South KoreaPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Biotech Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South KoreaDepartment of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South KoreaInstitute for Convergence Research and Education, Yonsei University, Seoul, South KoreaImmunoBiome Inc., Bio Open Innovation Center, Pohang, South KoreaSystemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease that mainly affects women in their reproductive years. A complex interaction of environmental and genetic factors leads to the disruption of immune tolerance towards self, causing overt immune activation and production of autoantibodies that attack multiple organs. Kidney damage, termed lupus nephritis, is the leading cause of SLE-related morbidity and mortality. Autoantibodies are central to propagating lupus nephritis through forming immune complexes and triggering complements. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) potently activates complement; therefore, autoantibodies were mainly considered to be of the IgG isotype. However, studies revealed that over 50% of patients produce autoantibodies of the IgE isotype. IgE autoantibodies actively participate in disease pathogenesis as omalizumab treatment, a humanized anti-IgE monoclonal antibody, improved disease severity in an SLE clinical trial. IgE is a hallmark of T helper 2-associated immunity. Thus, T helper 2-associated immunity seems to play a pathogenic role in a subset of SLE patients. This review summarizes human and animal studies that illustrate type 2 immune responses involved during the pathology of SLE.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.866549/fullautoimmunitySLElupus nephritisTh2IL-4IgE |
| spellingShingle | Haeun Ko Chan Johng Kim Chan Johng Kim Sin-Hyeog Im Sin-Hyeog Im Sin-Hyeog Im T Helper 2-Associated Immunity in the Pathogenesis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Frontiers in Immunology autoimmunity SLE lupus nephritis Th2 IL-4 IgE |
| title | T Helper 2-Associated Immunity in the Pathogenesis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus |
| title_full | T Helper 2-Associated Immunity in the Pathogenesis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus |
| title_fullStr | T Helper 2-Associated Immunity in the Pathogenesis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus |
| title_full_unstemmed | T Helper 2-Associated Immunity in the Pathogenesis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus |
| title_short | T Helper 2-Associated Immunity in the Pathogenesis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus |
| title_sort | t helper 2 associated immunity in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus |
| topic | autoimmunity SLE lupus nephritis Th2 IL-4 IgE |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.866549/full |
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