Neuropeptides Involved in Facial Nerve Regeneration
Neuropeptides and neurotransmitters act as intermediaries to transmit impulses from one neuron to another via a synapse. These neuropeptides are also related to nerve degeneration and regeneration during nerve damage. Although there are various neuropeptides, three are associated with neural regener...
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MDPI AG
2021-10-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/9/11/1575 |
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| author | Inhyeok Kim Yonjae Kim Daewoong Kang Junyang Jung Sungsoo Kim Hwasung Rim Sanghoon Kim Seung-Geun Yeo |
| author_facet | Inhyeok Kim Yonjae Kim Daewoong Kang Junyang Jung Sungsoo Kim Hwasung Rim Sanghoon Kim Seung-Geun Yeo |
| author_sort | Inhyeok Kim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Neuropeptides and neurotransmitters act as intermediaries to transmit impulses from one neuron to another via a synapse. These neuropeptides are also related to nerve degeneration and regeneration during nerve damage. Although there are various neuropeptides, three are associated with neural regeneration in facial nerve damage: calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), galanin, and pituitary adenylyl cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP). Alpha CGRP in facial motoneurons is a signaling factor involved in neuroglial and neuromuscular interactions during regeneration. Thus, it may be a marker for facial nerve regeneration. Galanin is a marker of injured axons rather than nerve regeneration. PACAP has various effects on nerve regeneration by regulating the surrounding cells and providing neurotrophic factors. Thus, it may also be used as a marker for facial nerve regeneration. However, the precise roles of these substances in nerve generation are not yet fully understood. Animal studies have demonstrated that they may act as neuromodulators to promote neurotrophic factors involved in nerve regeneration as they appear early, before changes in the injured cells and their environment. Therefore, they may be markers of nerve regeneration. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:41:23Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9059 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:41:23Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
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| series | Biomedicines |
| spelling | doaj.art-866071f082ba49cab8e18e7f4ee55fed2023-11-22T22:30:15ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592021-10-01911157510.3390/biomedicines9111575Neuropeptides Involved in Facial Nerve RegenerationInhyeok Kim0Yonjae Kim1Daewoong Kang2Junyang Jung3Sungsoo Kim4Hwasung Rim5Sanghoon Kim6Seung-Geun Yeo7College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, KoreaDepartment of Otolaryngology—Head & Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, KoreaDepartment of Otolaryngology—Head & Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, KoreaDepartment of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, KoreaDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, KoreaDepartment of Otolaryngology—Head & Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, KoreaDepartment of Otolaryngology—Head & Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, KoreaCollege of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, KoreaNeuropeptides and neurotransmitters act as intermediaries to transmit impulses from one neuron to another via a synapse. These neuropeptides are also related to nerve degeneration and regeneration during nerve damage. Although there are various neuropeptides, three are associated with neural regeneration in facial nerve damage: calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), galanin, and pituitary adenylyl cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP). Alpha CGRP in facial motoneurons is a signaling factor involved in neuroglial and neuromuscular interactions during regeneration. Thus, it may be a marker for facial nerve regeneration. Galanin is a marker of injured axons rather than nerve regeneration. PACAP has various effects on nerve regeneration by regulating the surrounding cells and providing neurotrophic factors. Thus, it may also be used as a marker for facial nerve regeneration. However, the precise roles of these substances in nerve generation are not yet fully understood. Animal studies have demonstrated that they may act as neuromodulators to promote neurotrophic factors involved in nerve regeneration as they appear early, before changes in the injured cells and their environment. Therefore, they may be markers of nerve regeneration.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/9/11/1575neuropeptidesfacial nerveregeneration |
| spellingShingle | Inhyeok Kim Yonjae Kim Daewoong Kang Junyang Jung Sungsoo Kim Hwasung Rim Sanghoon Kim Seung-Geun Yeo Neuropeptides Involved in Facial Nerve Regeneration Biomedicines neuropeptides facial nerve regeneration |
| title | Neuropeptides Involved in Facial Nerve Regeneration |
| title_full | Neuropeptides Involved in Facial Nerve Regeneration |
| title_fullStr | Neuropeptides Involved in Facial Nerve Regeneration |
| title_full_unstemmed | Neuropeptides Involved in Facial Nerve Regeneration |
| title_short | Neuropeptides Involved in Facial Nerve Regeneration |
| title_sort | neuropeptides involved in facial nerve regeneration |
| topic | neuropeptides facial nerve regeneration |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/9/11/1575 |
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