Association of time spent outdoors with the risk of Parkinson’s disease: a prospective cohort study of 329,359 participants
Abstract Background Studies on the association between time spent outdoors and the development of Parkinson’s disease (PD) are lacking, and whether this relationship differs in different subgroups (age, sex) remains unclear. Objective We here examined the association between time spent outdoors and...
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BMC
2024-01-01
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Series: | BMC Neurology |
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-023-03499-7 |
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author | Ling Hu Yisen Shi Xinyang Zou Zhaohui Lai Fabin Lin Guoen Cai Xianghong Liu |
author_facet | Ling Hu Yisen Shi Xinyang Zou Zhaohui Lai Fabin Lin Guoen Cai Xianghong Liu |
author_sort | Ling Hu |
collection | DOAJ |
description | Abstract Background Studies on the association between time spent outdoors and the development of Parkinson’s disease (PD) are lacking, and whether this relationship differs in different subgroups (age, sex) remains unclear. Objective We here examined the association between time spent outdoors and the incidence of PD in different seasons. Methods This study included 329,359 participants from the UK Biobank. Data regarding hours spent outdoors during a typical day were obtained through questionnaires. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for the association between exposure to outdoors duration and PD incidence. Restricted cubic spline was used to explore the potential nonlinear relationship between time spent outdoors and PD risk. To explore the potential mechanisms of time spent outdoors effecting the risk of PD incidence, their association with serum vitamin D was further analysed separately. Results During a median follow-up of 13.57 years, 2,238 participants developed PD. In summer, time spent outdoors > 5.0 h/day was associated with a reduced PD risk compared with ≤ 2.0 h/day (HR = 0.84, 95% CI, 0.74–0.95). In winter too, time spent outdoors > 2.0 h/day was also associated with a reduced PD risk compared with ≤ 1.0 h/day (HR = 0.85, 95% CI, 0.76–0.94). For annual average time spent outdoors, participants who went outdoors for more than 3.5 h/day had a reduced PD risk than those who went outdoors for ≤ 1.5 h/day (HR = 0.85, 95% CI, 0.75–0.96). Additionally, sex and age differences were observed in the association between time spent outdoors and the PD risk. Moreover, Time spent outdoors was observed to be positively associated with serum vitamin D levels. Compared with serum vitamin D-deficient participants, the risk of PD was reduced by 15% in the sufficient participants. Conclusion In the total population, higher time spent outdoors was linked to a reduced PD risk. However, this association may vary among different age or sex groups. |
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language | English |
last_indexed | 2024-03-08T16:17:26Z |
publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
publisher | BMC |
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series | BMC Neurology |
spelling | doaj.art-8672baa623eb4ec18c8b9bdf3b7d90732024-01-07T12:31:36ZengBMCBMC Neurology1471-23772024-01-0124111110.1186/s12883-023-03499-7Association of time spent outdoors with the risk of Parkinson’s disease: a prospective cohort study of 329,359 participantsLing Hu0Yisen Shi1Xinyang Zou2Zhaohui Lai3Fabin Lin4Guoen Cai5Xianghong Liu6Department of Neurology, Ganzhou People’s HospitalDepartment of Neurology, Union Hospital, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical UniversityDepartment of Neurology, Union Hospital, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical UniversityDepartment of Neurology, Ganzhou People’s HospitalDepartment of Neurosurgery, Fujian Medical University Union HospitalDepartment of Neurology, Union Hospital, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical UniversityDepartment of Neurology, Ganzhou People’s HospitalAbstract Background Studies on the association between time spent outdoors and the development of Parkinson’s disease (PD) are lacking, and whether this relationship differs in different subgroups (age, sex) remains unclear. Objective We here examined the association between time spent outdoors and the incidence of PD in different seasons. Methods This study included 329,359 participants from the UK Biobank. Data regarding hours spent outdoors during a typical day were obtained through questionnaires. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for the association between exposure to outdoors duration and PD incidence. Restricted cubic spline was used to explore the potential nonlinear relationship between time spent outdoors and PD risk. To explore the potential mechanisms of time spent outdoors effecting the risk of PD incidence, their association with serum vitamin D was further analysed separately. Results During a median follow-up of 13.57 years, 2,238 participants developed PD. In summer, time spent outdoors > 5.0 h/day was associated with a reduced PD risk compared with ≤ 2.0 h/day (HR = 0.84, 95% CI, 0.74–0.95). In winter too, time spent outdoors > 2.0 h/day was also associated with a reduced PD risk compared with ≤ 1.0 h/day (HR = 0.85, 95% CI, 0.76–0.94). For annual average time spent outdoors, participants who went outdoors for more than 3.5 h/day had a reduced PD risk than those who went outdoors for ≤ 1.5 h/day (HR = 0.85, 95% CI, 0.75–0.96). Additionally, sex and age differences were observed in the association between time spent outdoors and the PD risk. Moreover, Time spent outdoors was observed to be positively associated with serum vitamin D levels. Compared with serum vitamin D-deficient participants, the risk of PD was reduced by 15% in the sufficient participants. Conclusion In the total population, higher time spent outdoors was linked to a reduced PD risk. However, this association may vary among different age or sex groups.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-023-03499-7Parkinson’s diseaseTime spent outdoorsAgeSexVitamin D |
spellingShingle | Ling Hu Yisen Shi Xinyang Zou Zhaohui Lai Fabin Lin Guoen Cai Xianghong Liu Association of time spent outdoors with the risk of Parkinson’s disease: a prospective cohort study of 329,359 participants BMC Neurology Parkinson’s disease Time spent outdoors Age Sex Vitamin D |
title | Association of time spent outdoors with the risk of Parkinson’s disease: a prospective cohort study of 329,359 participants |
title_full | Association of time spent outdoors with the risk of Parkinson’s disease: a prospective cohort study of 329,359 participants |
title_fullStr | Association of time spent outdoors with the risk of Parkinson’s disease: a prospective cohort study of 329,359 participants |
title_full_unstemmed | Association of time spent outdoors with the risk of Parkinson’s disease: a prospective cohort study of 329,359 participants |
title_short | Association of time spent outdoors with the risk of Parkinson’s disease: a prospective cohort study of 329,359 participants |
title_sort | association of time spent outdoors with the risk of parkinson s disease a prospective cohort study of 329 359 participants |
topic | Parkinson’s disease Time spent outdoors Age Sex Vitamin D |
url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-023-03499-7 |
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