Photobiomodulation with Laser Technology to Reduce Pain Perception during Fixed Orthodontic Treatment: Literature Review and New Perspectives with LED Devices

Photobiomodulation with Laser Technology to Reduce Pain Perception during Fixed Orthodontic Treatment: Literature Review and New Perspectives with LED Devices

Despite the growing demand for improving smile aesthetics and occlusal functionality, a significant percentage of patients still refuse or discontinue orthodontic treatment because of pain and discomfort related to this therapy. As consequence, controlling the pain experienced by patients during the...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Paolo Caccianiga, Ileana Carminati, Gianluigi Caccianiga
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2023-02-01
Series:Inventions
Subjects:
photobiomodulation
low-level laser therapy
low-level laser (light) therapy
LED
laser
pain
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2411-5134/8/1/46

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