Evaluating the Mode of Antifungal Action of Heat-Stable Antifungal Factor (HSAF) in <i>Neurospora crassa</i>
Heat-stable antifungal factor (HSAF) isolated from <i>Ly</i><i>sobacter enzymogenes</i> has shown a broad-spectrum of antifungal activities. However, little is known about its mode of action. In this study, we used the model filamentous fungus <i>Neurospora crassa</i...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-03-01
|
| Series: | Journal of Fungi |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/8/3/252 |
| _version_ | 1797446566525534208 |
|---|---|
| author | Xiaodong Liu Xianzhang Jiang Haowen Sun Jiawen Du Yuhang Luo Jianzhong Huang Lina Qin |
| author_facet | Xiaodong Liu Xianzhang Jiang Haowen Sun Jiawen Du Yuhang Luo Jianzhong Huang Lina Qin |
| author_sort | Xiaodong Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Heat-stable antifungal factor (HSAF) isolated from <i>Ly</i><i>sobacter enzymogenes</i> has shown a broad-spectrum of antifungal activities. However, little is known about its mode of action. In this study, we used the model filamentous fungus <i>Neurospora crassa</i> to investigate the antifungal mechanism of HSAF. We first used HSAF to treat the <i>N. crassa</i> strain at different time points. Spore germination, growth phenotype and differential gene expression analysis were conducted by utilizing global transcriptional profiling combined with genetic and physiological analyses. Our data showed that HSAF could significantly inhibit the germination and aerial hyphae growth of <i>N. crassa.</i> RNA-seq analysis showed that a group of genes, associated with cell wall formation and remodeling, were highly activated. Screening of <i>N. crassa</i> gene deletion mutants combined with scanning electron microscopic observation revealed that three fungal cell wall integrity-related genes played an important role in the interaction between <i>N. crassa</i> and <i>L. enzymogens.</i> In addition, Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis (WGCNA), accompanied by confocal microscopy observation revealed that HSAF could trigger autophagy-mediated degradation and eventually result in cell death in <i>N. crassa</i>. The findings of this work provided new insights into the interactions between the predatory <i>Lysobacter</i> and its fungal prey. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:42:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-869330e0a245487a9e529079d500e593 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2309-608X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:42:25Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Fungi |
| spelling | doaj.art-869330e0a245487a9e529079d500e5932023-11-30T21:04:48ZengMDPI AGJournal of Fungi2309-608X2022-03-018325210.3390/jof8030252Evaluating the Mode of Antifungal Action of Heat-Stable Antifungal Factor (HSAF) in <i>Neurospora crassa</i>Xiaodong Liu0Xianzhang Jiang1Haowen Sun2Jiawen Du3Yuhang Luo4Jianzhong Huang5Lina Qin6National Joint Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology and Fermentation Technology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350108, ChinaNational Joint Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology and Fermentation Technology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350108, ChinaNational Joint Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology and Fermentation Technology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350108, ChinaNational Joint Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology and Fermentation Technology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350108, ChinaNational Joint Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology and Fermentation Technology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350108, ChinaNational Joint Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology and Fermentation Technology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350108, ChinaNational Joint Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology and Fermentation Technology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350108, ChinaHeat-stable antifungal factor (HSAF) isolated from <i>Ly</i><i>sobacter enzymogenes</i> has shown a broad-spectrum of antifungal activities. However, little is known about its mode of action. In this study, we used the model filamentous fungus <i>Neurospora crassa</i> to investigate the antifungal mechanism of HSAF. We first used HSAF to treat the <i>N. crassa</i> strain at different time points. Spore germination, growth phenotype and differential gene expression analysis were conducted by utilizing global transcriptional profiling combined with genetic and physiological analyses. Our data showed that HSAF could significantly inhibit the germination and aerial hyphae growth of <i>N. crassa.</i> RNA-seq analysis showed that a group of genes, associated with cell wall formation and remodeling, were highly activated. Screening of <i>N. crassa</i> gene deletion mutants combined with scanning electron microscopic observation revealed that three fungal cell wall integrity-related genes played an important role in the interaction between <i>N. crassa</i> and <i>L. enzymogens.</i> In addition, Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis (WGCNA), accompanied by confocal microscopy observation revealed that HSAF could trigger autophagy-mediated degradation and eventually result in cell death in <i>N. crassa</i>. The findings of this work provided new insights into the interactions between the predatory <i>Lysobacter</i> and its fungal prey.https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/8/3/252HSAFantifungaltranscriptome<i>Neurospora crassa</i>cell wallautophagy |
| spellingShingle | Xiaodong Liu Xianzhang Jiang Haowen Sun Jiawen Du Yuhang Luo Jianzhong Huang Lina Qin Evaluating the Mode of Antifungal Action of Heat-Stable Antifungal Factor (HSAF) in <i>Neurospora crassa</i> Journal of Fungi HSAF antifungal transcriptome <i>Neurospora crassa</i> cell wall autophagy |
| title | Evaluating the Mode of Antifungal Action of Heat-Stable Antifungal Factor (HSAF) in <i>Neurospora crassa</i> |
| title_full | Evaluating the Mode of Antifungal Action of Heat-Stable Antifungal Factor (HSAF) in <i>Neurospora crassa</i> |
| title_fullStr | Evaluating the Mode of Antifungal Action of Heat-Stable Antifungal Factor (HSAF) in <i>Neurospora crassa</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluating the Mode of Antifungal Action of Heat-Stable Antifungal Factor (HSAF) in <i>Neurospora crassa</i> |
| title_short | Evaluating the Mode of Antifungal Action of Heat-Stable Antifungal Factor (HSAF) in <i>Neurospora crassa</i> |
| title_sort | evaluating the mode of antifungal action of heat stable antifungal factor hsaf in i neurospora crassa i |
| topic | HSAF antifungal transcriptome <i>Neurospora crassa</i> cell wall autophagy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/8/3/252 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT xiaodongliu evaluatingthemodeofantifungalactionofheatstableantifungalfactorhsafinineurosporacrassai AT xianzhangjiang evaluatingthemodeofantifungalactionofheatstableantifungalfactorhsafinineurosporacrassai AT haowensun evaluatingthemodeofantifungalactionofheatstableantifungalfactorhsafinineurosporacrassai AT jiawendu evaluatingthemodeofantifungalactionofheatstableantifungalfactorhsafinineurosporacrassai AT yuhangluo evaluatingthemodeofantifungalactionofheatstableantifungalfactorhsafinineurosporacrassai AT jianzhonghuang evaluatingthemodeofantifungalactionofheatstableantifungalfactorhsafinineurosporacrassai AT linaqin evaluatingthemodeofantifungalactionofheatstableantifungalfactorhsafinineurosporacrassai |