Differences in run-up, take-off, and flight characteristics: successful vs. unsuccessful high jump attempts at the IAAF world championships
Studies previously conducted on high jump have yielded important information regarding successful performance. However, analyses in competitive scenarios have often disregarded athletes’ unsuccessful attempts. This study aimed to investigate the biomechanical differences between successful and unsuc...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Sports and Active Living |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fspor.2024.1352725/full |
| _version_ | 1797323602023940096 |
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| author | Gareth Nicholson Gaspar Epro Stéphane Merlino Josh Walker Athanassios Bissas Athanassios Bissas |
| author_facet | Gareth Nicholson Gaspar Epro Stéphane Merlino Josh Walker Athanassios Bissas Athanassios Bissas |
| author_sort | Gareth Nicholson |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Studies previously conducted on high jump have yielded important information regarding successful performance. However, analyses in competitive scenarios have often disregarded athletes’ unsuccessful attempts. This study aimed to investigate the biomechanical differences between successful and unsuccessful jumps during competition. High-speed video footage (200 Hz) was obtained from 11 athletes during the 2018 Men's World Athletics Indoor Championship Final. From each athlete, one successful (SU) and one unsuccessful (UN) jump at the same bar height were included in the analysis, leaving seven athletes in total. Following whole-body 3D manual digitization, several temporal and kinematic variables were calculated for the run-up, take-off, and flight phases of each jump. During SU jumps, athletes raised the center of mass to a greater extent (p < 0.01) from take-off. Touchdown in SU jumps was characterized by a faster anteroposterior velocity (p < 0.05), lower backward lean (p < 0.05), and changes in joint angles for the stance and trail limbs (p < 0.05). Athletes also shortened the final contact time during SU jumps (p < 0.01) after producing a longer flight time in the final step of the run-up (p < 0.05). Elite-level high jumpers undertake a series of adjustments to successfully clear the bar after UN jumps. These adjustments reinforce the importance of the run-up in setting the foundations for take-off and bar clearance. Furthermore, the findings demonstrate the need for coaches to be mindful of the adjustments required in stance and trail limbs when looking to optimize feedback to athletes during training and competition. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T05:32:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-869b1a6446c4459f978840bb989e5258 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2624-9367 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T05:32:06Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Sports and Active Living |
| spelling | doaj.art-869b1a6446c4459f978840bb989e52582024-02-06T04:54:13ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Sports and Active Living2624-93672024-02-01610.3389/fspor.2024.13527251352725Differences in run-up, take-off, and flight characteristics: successful vs. unsuccessful high jump attempts at the IAAF world championshipsGareth Nicholson0Gaspar Epro1Stéphane Merlino2Josh Walker3Athanassios Bissas4Athanassios Bissas5Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United KingdomSport and Exercise Science Research Centre, School of Applied Sciences, London South Bank University, London, United KingdomInternational Relations & Development Department, World Athletics, Monte Carlo, MonacoCarnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United KingdomCarnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United KingdomSchool of Education and Applied Sciences, University of Gloucestershire, Gloucester, United KingdomStudies previously conducted on high jump have yielded important information regarding successful performance. However, analyses in competitive scenarios have often disregarded athletes’ unsuccessful attempts. This study aimed to investigate the biomechanical differences between successful and unsuccessful jumps during competition. High-speed video footage (200 Hz) was obtained from 11 athletes during the 2018 Men's World Athletics Indoor Championship Final. From each athlete, one successful (SU) and one unsuccessful (UN) jump at the same bar height were included in the analysis, leaving seven athletes in total. Following whole-body 3D manual digitization, several temporal and kinematic variables were calculated for the run-up, take-off, and flight phases of each jump. During SU jumps, athletes raised the center of mass to a greater extent (p < 0.01) from take-off. Touchdown in SU jumps was characterized by a faster anteroposterior velocity (p < 0.05), lower backward lean (p < 0.05), and changes in joint angles for the stance and trail limbs (p < 0.05). Athletes also shortened the final contact time during SU jumps (p < 0.01) after producing a longer flight time in the final step of the run-up (p < 0.05). Elite-level high jumpers undertake a series of adjustments to successfully clear the bar after UN jumps. These adjustments reinforce the importance of the run-up in setting the foundations for take-off and bar clearance. Furthermore, the findings demonstrate the need for coaches to be mindful of the adjustments required in stance and trail limbs when looking to optimize feedback to athletes during training and competition.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fspor.2024.1352725/fullkinematicsbiomechanicsvideographycoachingcompetition |
| spellingShingle | Gareth Nicholson Gaspar Epro Stéphane Merlino Josh Walker Athanassios Bissas Athanassios Bissas Differences in run-up, take-off, and flight characteristics: successful vs. unsuccessful high jump attempts at the IAAF world championships Frontiers in Sports and Active Living kinematics biomechanics videography coaching competition |
| title | Differences in run-up, take-off, and flight characteristics: successful vs. unsuccessful high jump attempts at the IAAF world championships |
| title_full | Differences in run-up, take-off, and flight characteristics: successful vs. unsuccessful high jump attempts at the IAAF world championships |
| title_fullStr | Differences in run-up, take-off, and flight characteristics: successful vs. unsuccessful high jump attempts at the IAAF world championships |
| title_full_unstemmed | Differences in run-up, take-off, and flight characteristics: successful vs. unsuccessful high jump attempts at the IAAF world championships |
| title_short | Differences in run-up, take-off, and flight characteristics: successful vs. unsuccessful high jump attempts at the IAAF world championships |
| title_sort | differences in run up take off and flight characteristics successful vs unsuccessful high jump attempts at the iaaf world championships |
| topic | kinematics biomechanics videography coaching competition |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fspor.2024.1352725/full |
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