Strategy Based on Michael Addition Reaction for the Development of Bioinspired Multilayered and Multiphasic 3D Constructs
The high incidence of osteochondral defects has increased the interest in the development of improved repairing alternatives, with tissue engineering being considered a promising approach. The hierarchical, complex structure of osteochondral tissue requires the design of a biomimetic multilayered sc...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/7/1635 |
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| author | Mihaela Olaru Natalia Simionescu Florica Doroftei Geta David |
| author_facet | Mihaela Olaru Natalia Simionescu Florica Doroftei Geta David |
| author_sort | Mihaela Olaru |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The high incidence of osteochondral defects has increased the interest in the development of improved repairing alternatives, with tissue engineering being considered a promising approach. The hierarchical, complex structure of osteochondral tissue requires the design of a biomimetic multilayered scaffold. Here, a multilayered and multiphasic 3D macroporous structure was achieved at subzero temperature by the Michael addition reaction of amino functionalities of collagen with acryloyl groups of a bifunctionalized poly(ε-caprolactone). This green approach has been successfully applied to crosslink layers of different composition, both for their efficient sequential formation and connection. Polyethylenimine functionalized nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAp<sub>LPEI</sub>) was added to the bottom layer. The resulting hybrid cryogels were characterized by morphology, equilibrium swelling ratios, compressive strength analysis, and MTS assay. They presented good stability, integrity, and biocompatibility. The results revealed that the properties of the prepared constructs may be tuned by varying the composition, number, and thickness of the layers. The Young modulus values were between 3.5 ± 0.02 and 10.5 ± 0.6 kPa for the component layers, while for the multilayered structures they were more than 7.3 ± 0.2 kPa. The equilibrium swelling ratio varied between 4.6 and 14.2, with a value of ~10.5 for the trilayered structure, correlated with the mean pore sizes (74–230 µm). |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:26:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-869d9c8e6bdf4a5f8302ce75b253af6b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:26:53Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-869d9c8e6bdf4a5f8302ce75b253af6b2023-11-17T17:25:16ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602023-03-01157163510.3390/polym15071635Strategy Based on Michael Addition Reaction for the Development of Bioinspired Multilayered and Multiphasic 3D ConstructsMihaela Olaru0Natalia Simionescu1Florica Doroftei2Geta David3“Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of Romanian Academy, 41A Gr. Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania“Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of Romanian Academy, 41A Gr. Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania“Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of Romanian Academy, 41A Gr. Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, RomaniaDepartment of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection “Cristofor Simionescu”, “Gh. Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 71A Bd. D. Mangeron, 700050 Iasi, RomaniaThe high incidence of osteochondral defects has increased the interest in the development of improved repairing alternatives, with tissue engineering being considered a promising approach. The hierarchical, complex structure of osteochondral tissue requires the design of a biomimetic multilayered scaffold. Here, a multilayered and multiphasic 3D macroporous structure was achieved at subzero temperature by the Michael addition reaction of amino functionalities of collagen with acryloyl groups of a bifunctionalized poly(ε-caprolactone). This green approach has been successfully applied to crosslink layers of different composition, both for their efficient sequential formation and connection. Polyethylenimine functionalized nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAp<sub>LPEI</sub>) was added to the bottom layer. The resulting hybrid cryogels were characterized by morphology, equilibrium swelling ratios, compressive strength analysis, and MTS assay. They presented good stability, integrity, and biocompatibility. The results revealed that the properties of the prepared constructs may be tuned by varying the composition, number, and thickness of the layers. The Young modulus values were between 3.5 ± 0.02 and 10.5 ± 0.6 kPa for the component layers, while for the multilayered structures they were more than 7.3 ± 0.2 kPa. The equilibrium swelling ratio varied between 4.6 and 14.2, with a value of ~10.5 for the trilayered structure, correlated with the mean pore sizes (74–230 µm).https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/7/1635multilayered constructaza-Michael additioncryogelationbiocompositetissue engineering |
| spellingShingle | Mihaela Olaru Natalia Simionescu Florica Doroftei Geta David Strategy Based on Michael Addition Reaction for the Development of Bioinspired Multilayered and Multiphasic 3D Constructs Polymers multilayered construct aza-Michael addition cryogelation biocomposite tissue engineering |
| title | Strategy Based on Michael Addition Reaction for the Development of Bioinspired Multilayered and Multiphasic 3D Constructs |
| title_full | Strategy Based on Michael Addition Reaction for the Development of Bioinspired Multilayered and Multiphasic 3D Constructs |
| title_fullStr | Strategy Based on Michael Addition Reaction for the Development of Bioinspired Multilayered and Multiphasic 3D Constructs |
| title_full_unstemmed | Strategy Based on Michael Addition Reaction for the Development of Bioinspired Multilayered and Multiphasic 3D Constructs |
| title_short | Strategy Based on Michael Addition Reaction for the Development of Bioinspired Multilayered and Multiphasic 3D Constructs |
| title_sort | strategy based on michael addition reaction for the development of bioinspired multilayered and multiphasic 3d constructs |
| topic | multilayered construct aza-Michael addition cryogelation biocomposite tissue engineering |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/7/1635 |
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