Diagnostic Process of an Ancient Colonnade Using 3D High-Resolution Models with Non-Invasive Multi Techniques
Here, an avant-garde study of three ancient Doric columns of the precious, ancient Romanesque church of Saints Lorenzo and Pancrazio in the historical town center of Cagliari (Italy) is presented based on the integrated application of different non-destructive testing methods. The limitations of eac...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/6/3098 |
| _version_ | 1827747728416833536 |
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| author | Giuseppe Casula Silvana Fais Francesco Cuccuru Maria Giovanna Bianchi Paola Ligas |
| author_facet | Giuseppe Casula Silvana Fais Francesco Cuccuru Maria Giovanna Bianchi Paola Ligas |
| author_sort | Giuseppe Casula |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Here, an avant-garde study of three ancient Doric columns of the precious, ancient Romanesque church of Saints Lorenzo and Pancrazio in the historical town center of Cagliari (Italy) is presented based on the integrated application of different non-destructive testing methods. The limitations of each methodology are overcome by the synergistic application of these methods, affording an accurate, complete 3D image of the studied elements. Our procedure begins with a macroscopic in situ analysis to provide a preliminary diagnosis of the conditions of the building materials. The next step is laboratory tests, in which the porosity and other textural characteristics of the carbonate building materials are studied by optical and scanning electron microscopy. After this, a survey with a terrestrial laser scanner and close-range photogrammetry is planned and executed to produce accurate high-resolution 3D digital models of the entire church and the ancient columns inside. This was the main objective of this study. The high-resolution 3D models allowed us to identify architectural complications occurring in historical buildings. The 3D reconstruction with the above metric techniques was indispensable for planning and carrying out the 3D ultrasonic tomography, which played an important role in detecting defects, voids, and flaws within the body of the studied columns by analyzing the propagation of the ultrasonic waves. The high-resolution 3D multiparametric models allowed us to obtain an extremely accurate picture of the conservation state of the studied columns in order to locate and characterize both shallow and internal defects in the building materials. This integrated procedure can aid in the control of the spatial and temporal variations in the materials’ properties and provides information on the process of deterioration in order to allow adequate restoration solutions to be developed and the structural health of the artefact to be monitored. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:56:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-869e8011a2334d92b5bc17f4f2a9e0aa |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:56:21Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-869e8011a2334d92b5bc17f4f2a9e0aa2023-11-17T13:45:55ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202023-03-01236309810.3390/s23063098Diagnostic Process of an Ancient Colonnade Using 3D High-Resolution Models with Non-Invasive Multi TechniquesGiuseppe Casula0Silvana Fais1Francesco Cuccuru2Maria Giovanna Bianchi3Paola Ligas4Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)—Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, ItalyDepartment of Environmental Civil Engineering and Architecture (DICAAR), University of Cagliari, Via Marengo 2, 09123 Cagliari, ItalyDepartment of Environmental Civil Engineering and Architecture (DICAAR), University of Cagliari, Via Marengo 2, 09123 Cagliari, ItalyIstituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)—Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, ItalyDepartment of Environmental Civil Engineering and Architecture (DICAAR), University of Cagliari, Via Marengo 2, 09123 Cagliari, ItalyHere, an avant-garde study of three ancient Doric columns of the precious, ancient Romanesque church of Saints Lorenzo and Pancrazio in the historical town center of Cagliari (Italy) is presented based on the integrated application of different non-destructive testing methods. The limitations of each methodology are overcome by the synergistic application of these methods, affording an accurate, complete 3D image of the studied elements. Our procedure begins with a macroscopic in situ analysis to provide a preliminary diagnosis of the conditions of the building materials. The next step is laboratory tests, in which the porosity and other textural characteristics of the carbonate building materials are studied by optical and scanning electron microscopy. After this, a survey with a terrestrial laser scanner and close-range photogrammetry is planned and executed to produce accurate high-resolution 3D digital models of the entire church and the ancient columns inside. This was the main objective of this study. The high-resolution 3D models allowed us to identify architectural complications occurring in historical buildings. The 3D reconstruction with the above metric techniques was indispensable for planning and carrying out the 3D ultrasonic tomography, which played an important role in detecting defects, voids, and flaws within the body of the studied columns by analyzing the propagation of the ultrasonic waves. The high-resolution 3D multiparametric models allowed us to obtain an extremely accurate picture of the conservation state of the studied columns in order to locate and characterize both shallow and internal defects in the building materials. This integrated procedure can aid in the control of the spatial and temporal variations in the materials’ properties and provides information on the process of deterioration in order to allow adequate restoration solutions to be developed and the structural health of the artefact to be monitored.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/6/3098close-range photogrammetryterrestrial laser scanner3D digital models3D ultrasonic tomographypetrographic analysescarbonate materials |
| spellingShingle | Giuseppe Casula Silvana Fais Francesco Cuccuru Maria Giovanna Bianchi Paola Ligas Diagnostic Process of an Ancient Colonnade Using 3D High-Resolution Models with Non-Invasive Multi Techniques Sensors close-range photogrammetry terrestrial laser scanner 3D digital models 3D ultrasonic tomography petrographic analyses carbonate materials |
| title | Diagnostic Process of an Ancient Colonnade Using 3D High-Resolution Models with Non-Invasive Multi Techniques |
| title_full | Diagnostic Process of an Ancient Colonnade Using 3D High-Resolution Models with Non-Invasive Multi Techniques |
| title_fullStr | Diagnostic Process of an Ancient Colonnade Using 3D High-Resolution Models with Non-Invasive Multi Techniques |
| title_full_unstemmed | Diagnostic Process of an Ancient Colonnade Using 3D High-Resolution Models with Non-Invasive Multi Techniques |
| title_short | Diagnostic Process of an Ancient Colonnade Using 3D High-Resolution Models with Non-Invasive Multi Techniques |
| title_sort | diagnostic process of an ancient colonnade using 3d high resolution models with non invasive multi techniques |
| topic | close-range photogrammetry terrestrial laser scanner 3D digital models 3D ultrasonic tomography petrographic analyses carbonate materials |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/6/3098 |
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