Haplotype Diversity of NADPH-Cytochrome P450 Reductase Gene of <i>Ophiocordyceps sinensis</i> and the Effect on Fungal Infection in Host Insects
<i>Ophiocordyceps sinensis</i> Berk. is a fungal parasite that parasitizes the larvae of Hepialidae and is used as a traditional Chinese medicine. However, it is not clear how <i>O. sinensis</i> infects its host. The encoding gene haplotype diversity and predicted function of...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-06-01
|
| Series: | Microorganisms |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/8/7/968 |
| _version_ | 1797563886059126784 |
|---|---|
| author | Zixian Xu Yunguo Zhu Lingyan Xuan Shan Li Zhou Cheng |
| author_facet | Zixian Xu Yunguo Zhu Lingyan Xuan Shan Li Zhou Cheng |
| author_sort | Zixian Xu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Ophiocordyceps sinensis</i> Berk. is a fungal parasite that parasitizes the larvae of Hepialidae and is used as a traditional Chinese medicine. However, it is not clear how <i>O. sinensis</i> infects its host. The encoding gene haplotype diversity and predicted function of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) related to the fungal pathogenicity was analyzed for 219 individuals from 47 <i>O. sinensis</i> populations. Two NADPH CPR genes of <i>O. sinensis</i> were detected and their dominant haplotypes were widely distributed throughout the entire distribution range in Western China. Only 5.43% of all <i>O. sinensis</i> individuals possessed the specific private haplotypes of NADPH CPR-1 and CPR-2 genes. Bioinformatic analyses predicted that the phosphorylation sites, motifs, and domains of NADPH CPR of <i>O. sinensis</i> were different between those encoding by the dominant and private gene haplotypes. The one-to-one match fungus–host correspondence of the same individual suggested that the widely distributed <i>O. sinensis</i> with the dominant NADPH CPR gene haplotypes may strongly infect almost all host insects through a random infection by oral or respiratory pores. Conversely, <i>O. sinensis</i> with the specific private NADPH CPR gene haplotypes is likely to infect only a few corresponding host insects by breaching the cuticle, due to the changed NADPH CPR structure and function. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:49:32Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-86a4d852c4a242e89f3407793b99c27d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:49:32Z |
| publishDate | 2020-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-86a4d852c4a242e89f3407793b99c27d2023-11-20T05:14:44ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072020-06-018796810.3390/microorganisms8070968Haplotype Diversity of NADPH-Cytochrome P450 Reductase Gene of <i>Ophiocordyceps sinensis</i> and the Effect on Fungal Infection in Host InsectsZixian Xu0Yunguo Zhu1Lingyan Xuan2Shan Li3Zhou Cheng4School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, ChinaSchool of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, ChinaSchool of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, ChinaSchool of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, ChinaSchool of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China<i>Ophiocordyceps sinensis</i> Berk. is a fungal parasite that parasitizes the larvae of Hepialidae and is used as a traditional Chinese medicine. However, it is not clear how <i>O. sinensis</i> infects its host. The encoding gene haplotype diversity and predicted function of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) related to the fungal pathogenicity was analyzed for 219 individuals from 47 <i>O. sinensis</i> populations. Two NADPH CPR genes of <i>O. sinensis</i> were detected and their dominant haplotypes were widely distributed throughout the entire distribution range in Western China. Only 5.43% of all <i>O. sinensis</i> individuals possessed the specific private haplotypes of NADPH CPR-1 and CPR-2 genes. Bioinformatic analyses predicted that the phosphorylation sites, motifs, and domains of NADPH CPR of <i>O. sinensis</i> were different between those encoding by the dominant and private gene haplotypes. The one-to-one match fungus–host correspondence of the same individual suggested that the widely distributed <i>O. sinensis</i> with the dominant NADPH CPR gene haplotypes may strongly infect almost all host insects through a random infection by oral or respiratory pores. Conversely, <i>O. sinensis</i> with the specific private NADPH CPR gene haplotypes is likely to infect only a few corresponding host insects by breaching the cuticle, due to the changed NADPH CPR structure and function.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/8/7/968<i>Ophiocordyceps sinensis</i>NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductasegene haplotypeinfectionhost insects |
| spellingShingle | Zixian Xu Yunguo Zhu Lingyan Xuan Shan Li Zhou Cheng Haplotype Diversity of NADPH-Cytochrome P450 Reductase Gene of <i>Ophiocordyceps sinensis</i> and the Effect on Fungal Infection in Host Insects Microorganisms <i>Ophiocordyceps sinensis</i> NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase gene haplotype infection host insects |
| title | Haplotype Diversity of NADPH-Cytochrome P450 Reductase Gene of <i>Ophiocordyceps sinensis</i> and the Effect on Fungal Infection in Host Insects |
| title_full | Haplotype Diversity of NADPH-Cytochrome P450 Reductase Gene of <i>Ophiocordyceps sinensis</i> and the Effect on Fungal Infection in Host Insects |
| title_fullStr | Haplotype Diversity of NADPH-Cytochrome P450 Reductase Gene of <i>Ophiocordyceps sinensis</i> and the Effect on Fungal Infection in Host Insects |
| title_full_unstemmed | Haplotype Diversity of NADPH-Cytochrome P450 Reductase Gene of <i>Ophiocordyceps sinensis</i> and the Effect on Fungal Infection in Host Insects |
| title_short | Haplotype Diversity of NADPH-Cytochrome P450 Reductase Gene of <i>Ophiocordyceps sinensis</i> and the Effect on Fungal Infection in Host Insects |
| title_sort | haplotype diversity of nadph cytochrome p450 reductase gene of i ophiocordyceps sinensis i and the effect on fungal infection in host insects |
| topic | <i>Ophiocordyceps sinensis</i> NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase gene haplotype infection host insects |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/8/7/968 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT zixianxu haplotypediversityofnadphcytochromep450reductasegeneofiophiocordycepssinensisiandtheeffectonfungalinfectioninhostinsects AT yunguozhu haplotypediversityofnadphcytochromep450reductasegeneofiophiocordycepssinensisiandtheeffectonfungalinfectioninhostinsects AT lingyanxuan haplotypediversityofnadphcytochromep450reductasegeneofiophiocordycepssinensisiandtheeffectonfungalinfectioninhostinsects AT shanli haplotypediversityofnadphcytochromep450reductasegeneofiophiocordycepssinensisiandtheeffectonfungalinfectioninhostinsects AT zhoucheng haplotypediversityofnadphcytochromep450reductasegeneofiophiocordycepssinensisiandtheeffectonfungalinfectioninhostinsects |