| Summary: | Background: To compare the efficacy of CO<sub>2</sub> fractional laser with that of topical estriol for treating genitourinary syndrome of menopause and to investigate the relationship between epithelial thickness and vaginal atrophy. Methods: Twenty-five menopausal women were randomized to receive either laser or estrogen treatment. Vaginal biopsies before and after treatment were compared to assess the amount and distribution of estrogen and progesterone receptors. Results: Estrogen receptor levels were statistically similar between groups before and after treatment. Although there was no change over time in the estrogen group, an increase in receptor levels was confirmed in the laser group. Changes in estrogen receptor levels showed no association with treatment. Progesterone receptor levels were statistically similar between groups throughout treatment. There was no change over time in both groups. These changes displayed no association with the type of treatment. There was no significant correlation between epithelium thickness and estrogen or progesterone receptor levels. Conclusions: Estrogen and progesterone receptor levels increased and were maintained, respectively, in the vaginal epithelium in both groups. There was no significant relationship between epithelium thickness and receptor density. Laser therapy had similar outcomes to the gold standard without involving the disadvantages of hormone therapy.
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