Fermented Total Mixed Ration Alters Rumen Fermentation Parameters and Microbiota in Dairy Cows
This study aimed to determine changes and interactions of ruminal microbiota and chemical parameters in dairy cows fed FTMR. Twelve multiparous Holstein dairy cows (Body weight = 616 ± 13.4 kg; day in milk = 106 ± 7.55 d; and parity = 2.31 ± 0.49; mean ± standard deviation) were divided randomly int...
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| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/6/1062 |
| _version_ | 1827751759853912064 |
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| author | Jiamei Song Yuansheng Ma Hengwei Zhang Lijun Wang Yonggen Zhang Guangning Zhang |
| author_facet | Jiamei Song Yuansheng Ma Hengwei Zhang Lijun Wang Yonggen Zhang Guangning Zhang |
| author_sort | Jiamei Song |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study aimed to determine changes and interactions of ruminal microbiota and chemical parameters in dairy cows fed FTMR. Twelve multiparous Holstein dairy cows (Body weight = 616 ± 13.4 kg; day in milk = 106 ± 7.55 d; and parity = 2.31 ± 0.49; mean ± standard deviation) were divided randomly into two treatments depending on the day in milk, milk production, and parity. The two treatments were: (1) total mixed ration (TMR) and (2) FTMR. Illumina MiSeq sequencing was used to explore the changes in the ruminal microbiota. The results revealed that the bacterial and fungal diversity of the FTMR group were significantly higher than the TMR group. The predominant microbiota phyla in the bacteria and fungi showed significant differences between TMR and FTMR, as follows: <i>Verrucomicrobia</i> (<i>p</i> = 0.03) and <i>Tenericutes</i> (<i>p</i> = 0.01), <i>Ascomycota</i> (<i>p</i> = 0.04) and <i>Basidiomycota</i> (<i>p</i> = 0.04). The dominant bacterial genera in the bacteria, fungi, protozoan, and archaea that showed significant differences between TMR and FTMR were Unclassified_<i>Bacteroidales</i> (<i>p</i> = 0.02), Unclassified_RFP12 (<i>p</i> = 0.03), <i>Candida</i> (<i>p</i> = 0.0005), <i>Bullera</i> (<i>p</i> = 0.002), <i>Cryptococcus</i> (<i>p</i> = 0.007), and <i>Ostracodinium</i> (<i>p</i> = 0.01). LefSe analysis was performed to reveal the biomarker genera of the rumen microbiota community (bacteria, fungi, protozoan, and archaea) in the TMR and FTMR were the genera <i>Shuttleworthia</i>, <i>Ruminococcus, Cryptococcus</i>, <i>Mycosphaerella</i>, <i>Bullera</i>, <i>Candida</i>, and <i>Ostracodinium</i>. NH<sub>3</sub>-N concentration (<i>p</i> < 0.0001), total VFA concentration (<i>p</i> = 0.003), and molar proportion in total VFA of acetate (<i>p</i> = 0.01) were higher for the cows fed FTMR compared with the cows fed the TMR. Several bacterial genera showed significant correlations with rumen fermentation parameters. The genus Unclassified_<i>Bacteroidales</i> and <i>Bullera</i> were positively correlated with total volatile fatty acids (VFA) and acetate, whereas <i>Candida</i> and <i>Ostracodinium</i> showed negative correlations. Meanwhile, propionate was positively correlated with <i>Candida</i> and negatively correlated with <i>Bullera</i>. The PICRUSt functional profile prediction indicated that the xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism, the lipid, amino acid, terpenoids, and polyketides metabolisms of the FTMR group were significantly higher than that of the TMR group. The results imply that FTMR can increase lipid and amino acid metabolism, and modulate the rumen microbiome and improve ruminal fermentation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:01:38Z |
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| id | doaj.art-86a60903da7f478f98f51e7d4d7e1ecd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:01:38Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-86a60903da7f478f98f51e7d4d7e1ecd2023-11-17T09:11:49ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152023-03-01136106210.3390/ani13061062Fermented Total Mixed Ration Alters Rumen Fermentation Parameters and Microbiota in Dairy CowsJiamei Song0Yuansheng Ma1Hengwei Zhang2Lijun Wang3Yonggen Zhang4Guangning Zhang5College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, ChinaThis study aimed to determine changes and interactions of ruminal microbiota and chemical parameters in dairy cows fed FTMR. Twelve multiparous Holstein dairy cows (Body weight = 616 ± 13.4 kg; day in milk = 106 ± 7.55 d; and parity = 2.31 ± 0.49; mean ± standard deviation) were divided randomly into two treatments depending on the day in milk, milk production, and parity. The two treatments were: (1) total mixed ration (TMR) and (2) FTMR. Illumina MiSeq sequencing was used to explore the changes in the ruminal microbiota. The results revealed that the bacterial and fungal diversity of the FTMR group were significantly higher than the TMR group. The predominant microbiota phyla in the bacteria and fungi showed significant differences between TMR and FTMR, as follows: <i>Verrucomicrobia</i> (<i>p</i> = 0.03) and <i>Tenericutes</i> (<i>p</i> = 0.01), <i>Ascomycota</i> (<i>p</i> = 0.04) and <i>Basidiomycota</i> (<i>p</i> = 0.04). The dominant bacterial genera in the bacteria, fungi, protozoan, and archaea that showed significant differences between TMR and FTMR were Unclassified_<i>Bacteroidales</i> (<i>p</i> = 0.02), Unclassified_RFP12 (<i>p</i> = 0.03), <i>Candida</i> (<i>p</i> = 0.0005), <i>Bullera</i> (<i>p</i> = 0.002), <i>Cryptococcus</i> (<i>p</i> = 0.007), and <i>Ostracodinium</i> (<i>p</i> = 0.01). LefSe analysis was performed to reveal the biomarker genera of the rumen microbiota community (bacteria, fungi, protozoan, and archaea) in the TMR and FTMR were the genera <i>Shuttleworthia</i>, <i>Ruminococcus, Cryptococcus</i>, <i>Mycosphaerella</i>, <i>Bullera</i>, <i>Candida</i>, and <i>Ostracodinium</i>. NH<sub>3</sub>-N concentration (<i>p</i> < 0.0001), total VFA concentration (<i>p</i> = 0.003), and molar proportion in total VFA of acetate (<i>p</i> = 0.01) were higher for the cows fed FTMR compared with the cows fed the TMR. Several bacterial genera showed significant correlations with rumen fermentation parameters. The genus Unclassified_<i>Bacteroidales</i> and <i>Bullera</i> were positively correlated with total volatile fatty acids (VFA) and acetate, whereas <i>Candida</i> and <i>Ostracodinium</i> showed negative correlations. Meanwhile, propionate was positively correlated with <i>Candida</i> and negatively correlated with <i>Bullera</i>. The PICRUSt functional profile prediction indicated that the xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism, the lipid, amino acid, terpenoids, and polyketides metabolisms of the FTMR group were significantly higher than that of the TMR group. The results imply that FTMR can increase lipid and amino acid metabolism, and modulate the rumen microbiome and improve ruminal fermentation.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/6/1062fermented total mixed rationrumen microbiotarumen fermentationdairy cows16S rRNA gene sequencing |
| spellingShingle | Jiamei Song Yuansheng Ma Hengwei Zhang Lijun Wang Yonggen Zhang Guangning Zhang Fermented Total Mixed Ration Alters Rumen Fermentation Parameters and Microbiota in Dairy Cows Animals fermented total mixed ration rumen microbiota rumen fermentation dairy cows 16S rRNA gene sequencing |
| title | Fermented Total Mixed Ration Alters Rumen Fermentation Parameters and Microbiota in Dairy Cows |
| title_full | Fermented Total Mixed Ration Alters Rumen Fermentation Parameters and Microbiota in Dairy Cows |
| title_fullStr | Fermented Total Mixed Ration Alters Rumen Fermentation Parameters and Microbiota in Dairy Cows |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fermented Total Mixed Ration Alters Rumen Fermentation Parameters and Microbiota in Dairy Cows |
| title_short | Fermented Total Mixed Ration Alters Rumen Fermentation Parameters and Microbiota in Dairy Cows |
| title_sort | fermented total mixed ration alters rumen fermentation parameters and microbiota in dairy cows |
| topic | fermented total mixed ration rumen microbiota rumen fermentation dairy cows 16S rRNA gene sequencing |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/6/1062 |
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