Basic Analysis of the Cerebrospinal Fluid: An Important Framework for Laboratory Diagnostics of the Impairment of the Central Nervous System
Laboratory analysis of basic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) parameters is considered as essential for any CSF evaluation. It can provide rapidly very valuable information about the status of the central nervous system (CNS). Our retrospective study evaluated parameters of basic CSF analysis in cases of e...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-08-01
|
| Series: | Current Issues in Molecular Biology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1467-3045/44/8/251 |
| _version_ | 1797446290393530368 |
|---|---|
| author | Petr Kelbich Karel Hrach Jan Spicka Petr Vachata Tomas Radovnicky Eva Hanuljakova Jan Krejsek |
| author_facet | Petr Kelbich Karel Hrach Jan Spicka Petr Vachata Tomas Radovnicky Eva Hanuljakova Jan Krejsek |
| author_sort | Petr Kelbich |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Laboratory analysis of basic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) parameters is considered as essential for any CSF evaluation. It can provide rapidly very valuable information about the status of the central nervous system (CNS). Our retrospective study evaluated parameters of basic CSF analysis in cases of either infectious or non-infectious CNS involvement. Neutrophils are effector cells of innate immunity. Predominance of neutrophils was found in 98.2% of patients with purulent inflammation in CNS. Lymphocytes are cellular substrate of adaptive immunity. We found their predominance in 94.8% of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), 66.7% of patients with tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), 92.2% of patients with neuroborreliosis, 83.3% of patients with inflammatory response with oxidative burst of macrophages in CNS and 75.0% of patients with malignant infiltration of meninges (MIM). The simultaneous assessment of aerobic and anaerobic metabolism in CSF using the coefficient of energy balance (KEB) allows us to specify the type of inflammation in CNS. We found predominantly aerobic metabolism (KEB > 28.0) in 100.0% CSF of patients with normal CSF findings and in 92.8% CSF of patients with MS. Predominant faintly anaerobic metabolism (28.0 > KEB > 20.0) in CSF was found in 71.8% patients with TBE and in 64.7% patients with neuroborreliosis. Strong anaerobic metabolism (KEB < 10.0) was found in the CSF of 99.1% patients with purulent inflammation, 100.0% patients with inflammatory response with oxidative burst of macrophages and in 80.6% patients with MIM. Joint evaluation of basic CSF parameters provides sufficient information about the immune response in the CSF compartment for rapid and reliable diagnosis of CNS involvement. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:38:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-86bd70436dbc4ae5b4fb0721fc075e7a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1467-3037 1467-3045 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:38:12Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Current Issues in Molecular Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-86bd70436dbc4ae5b4fb0721fc075e7a2023-11-30T21:09:24ZengMDPI AGCurrent Issues in Molecular Biology1467-30371467-30452022-08-014483666368010.3390/cimb44080251Basic Analysis of the Cerebrospinal Fluid: An Important Framework for Laboratory Diagnostics of the Impairment of the Central Nervous SystemPetr Kelbich0Karel Hrach1Jan Spicka2Petr Vachata3Tomas Radovnicky4Eva Hanuljakova5Jan Krejsek6Department of Biomedicine and Laboratory Diagnostics, University J.E. Purkinje and Masaryk Hospital, 401 13 Usti nad Labem, Czech RepublicDepartment of Biomedicine and Laboratory Diagnostics, University J.E. Purkinje and Masaryk Hospital, 401 13 Usti nad Labem, Czech RepublicDepartment of Biomedicine and Laboratory Diagnostics, University J.E. Purkinje and Masaryk Hospital, 401 13 Usti nad Labem, Czech RepublicDepartment of Neurosurgery, University J.E. Purkinje and Masaryk Hospital, 401 13 Usti nad Labem, Czech RepublicDepartment of Neurosurgery, University J.E. Purkinje and Masaryk Hospital, 401 13 Usti nad Labem, Czech RepublicDepartment of Biomedicine and Laboratory Diagnostics, University J.E. Purkinje and Masaryk Hospital, 401 13 Usti nad Labem, Czech RepublicDepartment of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Charles University, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech RepublicLaboratory analysis of basic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) parameters is considered as essential for any CSF evaluation. It can provide rapidly very valuable information about the status of the central nervous system (CNS). Our retrospective study evaluated parameters of basic CSF analysis in cases of either infectious or non-infectious CNS involvement. Neutrophils are effector cells of innate immunity. Predominance of neutrophils was found in 98.2% of patients with purulent inflammation in CNS. Lymphocytes are cellular substrate of adaptive immunity. We found their predominance in 94.8% of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), 66.7% of patients with tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), 92.2% of patients with neuroborreliosis, 83.3% of patients with inflammatory response with oxidative burst of macrophages in CNS and 75.0% of patients with malignant infiltration of meninges (MIM). The simultaneous assessment of aerobic and anaerobic metabolism in CSF using the coefficient of energy balance (KEB) allows us to specify the type of inflammation in CNS. We found predominantly aerobic metabolism (KEB > 28.0) in 100.0% CSF of patients with normal CSF findings and in 92.8% CSF of patients with MS. Predominant faintly anaerobic metabolism (28.0 > KEB > 20.0) in CSF was found in 71.8% patients with TBE and in 64.7% patients with neuroborreliosis. Strong anaerobic metabolism (KEB < 10.0) was found in the CSF of 99.1% patients with purulent inflammation, 100.0% patients with inflammatory response with oxidative burst of macrophages and in 80.6% patients with MIM. Joint evaluation of basic CSF parameters provides sufficient information about the immune response in the CSF compartment for rapid and reliable diagnosis of CNS involvement.https://www.mdpi.com/1467-3045/44/8/251cerebrospinal fluidcytological-energy analysiscoefficient of energy balanceblood-cerebrospinal fluid barrierblood-brain barrieraspartate aminotransferase |
| spellingShingle | Petr Kelbich Karel Hrach Jan Spicka Petr Vachata Tomas Radovnicky Eva Hanuljakova Jan Krejsek Basic Analysis of the Cerebrospinal Fluid: An Important Framework for Laboratory Diagnostics of the Impairment of the Central Nervous System Current Issues in Molecular Biology cerebrospinal fluid cytological-energy analysis coefficient of energy balance blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier blood-brain barrier aspartate aminotransferase |
| title | Basic Analysis of the Cerebrospinal Fluid: An Important Framework for Laboratory Diagnostics of the Impairment of the Central Nervous System |
| title_full | Basic Analysis of the Cerebrospinal Fluid: An Important Framework for Laboratory Diagnostics of the Impairment of the Central Nervous System |
| title_fullStr | Basic Analysis of the Cerebrospinal Fluid: An Important Framework for Laboratory Diagnostics of the Impairment of the Central Nervous System |
| title_full_unstemmed | Basic Analysis of the Cerebrospinal Fluid: An Important Framework for Laboratory Diagnostics of the Impairment of the Central Nervous System |
| title_short | Basic Analysis of the Cerebrospinal Fluid: An Important Framework for Laboratory Diagnostics of the Impairment of the Central Nervous System |
| title_sort | basic analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid an important framework for laboratory diagnostics of the impairment of the central nervous system |
| topic | cerebrospinal fluid cytological-energy analysis coefficient of energy balance blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier blood-brain barrier aspartate aminotransferase |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1467-3045/44/8/251 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT petrkelbich basicanalysisofthecerebrospinalfluidanimportantframeworkforlaboratorydiagnosticsoftheimpairmentofthecentralnervoussystem AT karelhrach basicanalysisofthecerebrospinalfluidanimportantframeworkforlaboratorydiagnosticsoftheimpairmentofthecentralnervoussystem AT janspicka basicanalysisofthecerebrospinalfluidanimportantframeworkforlaboratorydiagnosticsoftheimpairmentofthecentralnervoussystem AT petrvachata basicanalysisofthecerebrospinalfluidanimportantframeworkforlaboratorydiagnosticsoftheimpairmentofthecentralnervoussystem AT tomasradovnicky basicanalysisofthecerebrospinalfluidanimportantframeworkforlaboratorydiagnosticsoftheimpairmentofthecentralnervoussystem AT evahanuljakova basicanalysisofthecerebrospinalfluidanimportantframeworkforlaboratorydiagnosticsoftheimpairmentofthecentralnervoussystem AT jankrejsek basicanalysisofthecerebrospinalfluidanimportantframeworkforlaboratorydiagnosticsoftheimpairmentofthecentralnervoussystem |