Nanovesicles Loaded with <i>Origanum onites</i> and <i>Satureja thymbra</i> Essential Oils and Their Activity against Food-Borne Pathogens and Spoilage Microorganisms
Food poisoning is a common cause of illness and death in developing countries. Essential oils (EOs) could be effective and safe natural preservatives to prevent and control bacterial contamination of foods. However, their high sensitivity and strong flavor limit their application and biological effe...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-04-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/8/2124 |
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| author | Giulia Vanti Ekaterina-Michaela Tomou Dejan Stojković Ana Ćirić Anna Rita Bilia Helen Skaltsa |
| author_facet | Giulia Vanti Ekaterina-Michaela Tomou Dejan Stojković Ana Ćirić Anna Rita Bilia Helen Skaltsa |
| author_sort | Giulia Vanti |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Food poisoning is a common cause of illness and death in developing countries. Essential oils (EOs) could be effective and safe natural preservatives to prevent and control bacterial contamination of foods. However, their high sensitivity and strong flavor limit their application and biological effectiveness. The aim of this study was firstly the chemical analysis and the antimicrobial evaluation of the EOs of <i>Origanum onites</i> L. and <i>Satureja thymbra</i> L. obtained from Symi island (Greece), and, secondly, the formulation of propylene glycol-nanovesicles loaded with these EOs to improve their antimicrobial properties. The EOs were analyzed by GC-MS and their chemical contents are presented herein. Different nanovesicles were formulated with small average sizes, high homogeneity, and optimal ζ-potential. Microscopic observation confirmed their small and spherical shape. Antibacterial and antifungal activities of the formulated EOs were evaluated against food-borne pathogens and spoilage microorganisms compared to pure EOs. Propylene glycol-nanovesicles loaded with <i>O. onites</i> EO were found to be the most active formulation against all tested strains. Additionally, in vitro studies on the HaCaT cell line showed that nanovesicles encapsulated with EOs had no toxic effect. The present study revealed that both EOs can be used as alternative sanitizers and preservatives in the food industry, and that their formulation in nanovesicles can provide a suitable approach as food-grade delivery system. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:32:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-86e9c6918b0f4321934c8b6998b0ff35 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:32:02Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-86e9c6918b0f4321934c8b6998b0ff352023-11-21T14:33:23ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492021-04-01268212410.3390/molecules26082124Nanovesicles Loaded with <i>Origanum onites</i> and <i>Satureja thymbra</i> Essential Oils and Their Activity against Food-Borne Pathogens and Spoilage MicroorganismsGiulia Vanti0Ekaterina-Michaela Tomou1Dejan Stojković2Ana Ćirić3Anna Rita Bilia4Helen Skaltsa5Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, ItalyFaculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy & Chemistry of Natural Products, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 157 71 Athens, GreeceDepartment of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaDepartment of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaDepartment of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, ItalyFaculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy & Chemistry of Natural Products, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 157 71 Athens, GreeceFood poisoning is a common cause of illness and death in developing countries. Essential oils (EOs) could be effective and safe natural preservatives to prevent and control bacterial contamination of foods. However, their high sensitivity and strong flavor limit their application and biological effectiveness. The aim of this study was firstly the chemical analysis and the antimicrobial evaluation of the EOs of <i>Origanum onites</i> L. and <i>Satureja thymbra</i> L. obtained from Symi island (Greece), and, secondly, the formulation of propylene glycol-nanovesicles loaded with these EOs to improve their antimicrobial properties. The EOs were analyzed by GC-MS and their chemical contents are presented herein. Different nanovesicles were formulated with small average sizes, high homogeneity, and optimal ζ-potential. Microscopic observation confirmed their small and spherical shape. Antibacterial and antifungal activities of the formulated EOs were evaluated against food-borne pathogens and spoilage microorganisms compared to pure EOs. Propylene glycol-nanovesicles loaded with <i>O. onites</i> EO were found to be the most active formulation against all tested strains. Additionally, in vitro studies on the HaCaT cell line showed that nanovesicles encapsulated with EOs had no toxic effect. The present study revealed that both EOs can be used as alternative sanitizers and preservatives in the food industry, and that their formulation in nanovesicles can provide a suitable approach as food-grade delivery system.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/8/2124<i>Origanum onites</i> essential oil<i>Satureja thymbra</i> essential oilGC-MS analysispropylene glycol-nanovesiclesTEMantimicrobial efficacy |
| spellingShingle | Giulia Vanti Ekaterina-Michaela Tomou Dejan Stojković Ana Ćirić Anna Rita Bilia Helen Skaltsa Nanovesicles Loaded with <i>Origanum onites</i> and <i>Satureja thymbra</i> Essential Oils and Their Activity against Food-Borne Pathogens and Spoilage Microorganisms Molecules <i>Origanum onites</i> essential oil <i>Satureja thymbra</i> essential oil GC-MS analysis propylene glycol-nanovesicles TEM antimicrobial efficacy |
| title | Nanovesicles Loaded with <i>Origanum onites</i> and <i>Satureja thymbra</i> Essential Oils and Their Activity against Food-Borne Pathogens and Spoilage Microorganisms |
| title_full | Nanovesicles Loaded with <i>Origanum onites</i> and <i>Satureja thymbra</i> Essential Oils and Their Activity against Food-Borne Pathogens and Spoilage Microorganisms |
| title_fullStr | Nanovesicles Loaded with <i>Origanum onites</i> and <i>Satureja thymbra</i> Essential Oils and Their Activity against Food-Borne Pathogens and Spoilage Microorganisms |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nanovesicles Loaded with <i>Origanum onites</i> and <i>Satureja thymbra</i> Essential Oils and Their Activity against Food-Borne Pathogens and Spoilage Microorganisms |
| title_short | Nanovesicles Loaded with <i>Origanum onites</i> and <i>Satureja thymbra</i> Essential Oils and Their Activity against Food-Borne Pathogens and Spoilage Microorganisms |
| title_sort | nanovesicles loaded with i origanum onites i and i satureja thymbra i essential oils and their activity against food borne pathogens and spoilage microorganisms |
| topic | <i>Origanum onites</i> essential oil <i>Satureja thymbra</i> essential oil GC-MS analysis propylene glycol-nanovesicles TEM antimicrobial efficacy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/8/2124 |
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