The Gut Barrier, Intestinal Microbiota, and Liver Disease: Molecular Mechanisms and Strategies to Manage
Liver disease encompasses pathologies as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, alcohol liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma, viral hepatitis, and autoimmune hepatitis. Nowadays, underlying mechanisms associating gut permeability and liver disease development are not we...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-11-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/21/8351 |
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| author | Julio Plaza-Díaz Patricio Solís-Urra Fernando Rodríguez-Rodríguez Jorge Olivares-Arancibia Miguel Navarro-Oliveros Francisco Abadía-Molina Ana I. Álvarez-Mercado |
| author_facet | Julio Plaza-Díaz Patricio Solís-Urra Fernando Rodríguez-Rodríguez Jorge Olivares-Arancibia Miguel Navarro-Oliveros Francisco Abadía-Molina Ana I. Álvarez-Mercado |
| author_sort | Julio Plaza-Díaz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Liver disease encompasses pathologies as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, alcohol liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma, viral hepatitis, and autoimmune hepatitis. Nowadays, underlying mechanisms associating gut permeability and liver disease development are not well understood, although evidence points to the involvement of intestinal microbiota and their metabolites. Animal studies have shown alterations in Toll-like receptor signaling related to the leaky gut syndrome by the action of bacterial lipopolysaccharide. In humans, modifications of the intestinal microbiota in intestinal permeability have also been related to liver disease. Some of these changes were observed in bacterial species belonging <i>Roseburia</i>, <i>Streptococcus</i>, and <i>Rothia</i>. Currently, numerous strategies to treat liver disease are being assessed. This review summarizes and discusses studies addressed to determine mechanisms associated with the microbiota able to alter the intestinal barrier complementing the progress and advancement of liver disease, as well as the main strategies under development to manage these pathologies. We highlight those approaches that have shown improvement in intestinal microbiota and barrier function, namely lifestyle changes (diet and physical activity) and probiotics intervention. Nevertheless, knowledge about how such modifications are beneficial is still limited and specific mechanisms involved are not clear. Thus, further in-vitro, animal, and human studies are needed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:02:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-86eec13110604ecf8563a7db90c55e00 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:02:15Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-86eec13110604ecf8563a7db90c55e002023-11-20T20:06:22ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672020-11-012121835110.3390/ijms21218351The Gut Barrier, Intestinal Microbiota, and Liver Disease: Molecular Mechanisms and Strategies to ManageJulio Plaza-Díaz0Patricio Solís-Urra1Fernando Rodríguez-Rodríguez2Jorge Olivares-Arancibia3Miguel Navarro-Oliveros4Francisco Abadía-Molina5Ana I. Álvarez-Mercado6Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, CanadaFaculty of Education and Social Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Viña del Mar 2531015, ChileIRyS Research Group, School of Physical Education, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2374631, ChileIRyS Research Group, School of Physical Education, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2374631, ChileBioCritic. Group for Biomedical Research in Critical Care Medicine, 47005 Valladolid, SpainInstitute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n. 18016 Armilla, Granada, SpainDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, SpainLiver disease encompasses pathologies as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, alcohol liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma, viral hepatitis, and autoimmune hepatitis. Nowadays, underlying mechanisms associating gut permeability and liver disease development are not well understood, although evidence points to the involvement of intestinal microbiota and their metabolites. Animal studies have shown alterations in Toll-like receptor signaling related to the leaky gut syndrome by the action of bacterial lipopolysaccharide. In humans, modifications of the intestinal microbiota in intestinal permeability have also been related to liver disease. Some of these changes were observed in bacterial species belonging <i>Roseburia</i>, <i>Streptococcus</i>, and <i>Rothia</i>. Currently, numerous strategies to treat liver disease are being assessed. This review summarizes and discusses studies addressed to determine mechanisms associated with the microbiota able to alter the intestinal barrier complementing the progress and advancement of liver disease, as well as the main strategies under development to manage these pathologies. We highlight those approaches that have shown improvement in intestinal microbiota and barrier function, namely lifestyle changes (diet and physical activity) and probiotics intervention. Nevertheless, knowledge about how such modifications are beneficial is still limited and specific mechanisms involved are not clear. Thus, further in-vitro, animal, and human studies are needed.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/21/8351liver diseaseintestinal barrierintestinal permeabilitymicrobiota |
| spellingShingle | Julio Plaza-Díaz Patricio Solís-Urra Fernando Rodríguez-Rodríguez Jorge Olivares-Arancibia Miguel Navarro-Oliveros Francisco Abadía-Molina Ana I. Álvarez-Mercado The Gut Barrier, Intestinal Microbiota, and Liver Disease: Molecular Mechanisms and Strategies to Manage International Journal of Molecular Sciences liver disease intestinal barrier intestinal permeability microbiota |
| title | The Gut Barrier, Intestinal Microbiota, and Liver Disease: Molecular Mechanisms and Strategies to Manage |
| title_full | The Gut Barrier, Intestinal Microbiota, and Liver Disease: Molecular Mechanisms and Strategies to Manage |
| title_fullStr | The Gut Barrier, Intestinal Microbiota, and Liver Disease: Molecular Mechanisms and Strategies to Manage |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Gut Barrier, Intestinal Microbiota, and Liver Disease: Molecular Mechanisms and Strategies to Manage |
| title_short | The Gut Barrier, Intestinal Microbiota, and Liver Disease: Molecular Mechanisms and Strategies to Manage |
| title_sort | gut barrier intestinal microbiota and liver disease molecular mechanisms and strategies to manage |
| topic | liver disease intestinal barrier intestinal permeability microbiota |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/21/8351 |
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