Implementation of the EPIC Earthquake Early Warning System in the Bursa Province (Türkiye) and Its Surroundings
Earthquake early warning systems aim to reduce the potential danger by providing a warning in the seconds before strong ground shaking occurs. In this study, we implemented EPIC, an early warning algorithm for Bursa province and its surroundings, which is a seismically active region. We replayed 104...
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/8/4985 |
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| author | Süleyman Tunç Berna Tunç Emrah Budakoğlu Deniz Çaka Ran Novitsky Nof Şerif Barış |
| author_facet | Süleyman Tunç Berna Tunç Emrah Budakoğlu Deniz Çaka Ran Novitsky Nof Şerif Barış |
| author_sort | Süleyman Tunç |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Earthquake early warning systems aim to reduce the potential danger by providing a warning in the seconds before strong ground shaking occurs. In this study, we implemented EPIC, an early warning algorithm for Bursa province and its surroundings, which is a seismically active region. We replayed 104 earthquakes of <i>M</i> ≥ 3.5, which occurred in and around the study area between 2012 and 2021. We derived period and amplitude-based magnitude-scaling relationships using peak displacement amplitude (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>P</mi><mi>d</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) and predominant period (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msubsup><mi>T</mi><mi>p</mi><mrow><mi>m</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>x</mi></mrow></msubsup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) parameters of the first 4 s of P-wave arrivals. We investigated the performance of magnitude-scaling relationships through testing with real-time data. We observed an improvement when comparing the magnitude estimates made with the newly developed equations with the default equations used for California. We have also found that magnitude estimation with <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>P</mi><mi>d</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> gives better results than <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msubsup><mi>T</mi><mi>p</mi><mrow><mi>m</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>x</mi></mrow></msubsup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> for estimating the accurate final magnitude. We aim to adapt the EPIC early warning system, implemented for Bursa province and its surroundings, specifically for each region of Türkiye where the earthquake risk is high. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:16:05Z |
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| id | doaj.art-86fc03ce39cc49b2a32030734c780f34 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
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| spelling | doaj.art-86fc03ce39cc49b2a32030734c780f342023-11-17T18:12:03ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172023-04-01138498510.3390/app13084985Implementation of the EPIC Earthquake Early Warning System in the Bursa Province (Türkiye) and Its SurroundingsSüleyman Tunç0Berna Tunç1Emrah Budakoğlu2Deniz Çaka3Ran Novitsky Nof4Şerif Barış5Sentez Earth and Structure Engineering Limited, Dragos Park Plaza, Maltepe, İstanbul 34846, TürkiyeDepartment of Geophysical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kocaeli University, Umuttepe 41001, TürkiyeDepartment of Geophysical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Sakarya University, Serdivan 54050, TürkiyeDepartment of Geophysical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kocaeli University, Umuttepe 41001, TürkiyeGeological Survey of Israel, Jerusalem 95501, IsraelDepartment of Geophysical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kocaeli University, Umuttepe 41001, TürkiyeEarthquake early warning systems aim to reduce the potential danger by providing a warning in the seconds before strong ground shaking occurs. In this study, we implemented EPIC, an early warning algorithm for Bursa province and its surroundings, which is a seismically active region. We replayed 104 earthquakes of <i>M</i> ≥ 3.5, which occurred in and around the study area between 2012 and 2021. We derived period and amplitude-based magnitude-scaling relationships using peak displacement amplitude (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>P</mi><mi>d</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) and predominant period (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msubsup><mi>T</mi><mi>p</mi><mrow><mi>m</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>x</mi></mrow></msubsup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) parameters of the first 4 s of P-wave arrivals. We investigated the performance of magnitude-scaling relationships through testing with real-time data. We observed an improvement when comparing the magnitude estimates made with the newly developed equations with the default equations used for California. We have also found that magnitude estimation with <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>P</mi><mi>d</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> gives better results than <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msubsup><mi>T</mi><mi>p</mi><mrow><mi>m</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>x</mi></mrow></msubsup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> for estimating the accurate final magnitude. We aim to adapt the EPIC early warning system, implemented for Bursa province and its surroundings, specifically for each region of Türkiye where the earthquake risk is high.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/8/4985EPICearthquake early warning systemsearthquake risk reductionmagnitude estimationBursa provinceMarmara region |
| spellingShingle | Süleyman Tunç Berna Tunç Emrah Budakoğlu Deniz Çaka Ran Novitsky Nof Şerif Barış Implementation of the EPIC Earthquake Early Warning System in the Bursa Province (Türkiye) and Its Surroundings Applied Sciences EPIC earthquake early warning systems earthquake risk reduction magnitude estimation Bursa province Marmara region |
| title | Implementation of the EPIC Earthquake Early Warning System in the Bursa Province (Türkiye) and Its Surroundings |
| title_full | Implementation of the EPIC Earthquake Early Warning System in the Bursa Province (Türkiye) and Its Surroundings |
| title_fullStr | Implementation of the EPIC Earthquake Early Warning System in the Bursa Province (Türkiye) and Its Surroundings |
| title_full_unstemmed | Implementation of the EPIC Earthquake Early Warning System in the Bursa Province (Türkiye) and Its Surroundings |
| title_short | Implementation of the EPIC Earthquake Early Warning System in the Bursa Province (Türkiye) and Its Surroundings |
| title_sort | implementation of the epic earthquake early warning system in the bursa province turkiye and its surroundings |
| topic | EPIC earthquake early warning systems earthquake risk reduction magnitude estimation Bursa province Marmara region |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/8/4985 |
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