Cytokines, Adipokines, and Bone Markers at Rest and in Response to Plyometric Exercise in Obese vs Normal Weight Adolescent Females
BackgroundIn adults, excess adiposity has been associated with low-grade, chronic inflammation and compromised bone health, but less is known about these linkages in children. The purpose of this study was to compare the circulating levels of inflammatory cytokines, adipokines, osteokines, and bone...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2020-12-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Endocrinology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2020.531926/full |
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| author | Nigel Kurgan Nigel Kurgan Katherine McKee Melissa Calleja Andrea R. Josse Andrea R. Josse Panagiota Klentrou Panagiota Klentrou |
| author_facet | Nigel Kurgan Nigel Kurgan Katherine McKee Melissa Calleja Andrea R. Josse Andrea R. Josse Panagiota Klentrou Panagiota Klentrou |
| author_sort | Nigel Kurgan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundIn adults, excess adiposity has been associated with low-grade, chronic inflammation and compromised bone health, but less is known about these linkages in children. The purpose of this study was to compare the circulating levels of inflammatory cytokines, adipokines, osteokines, and bone markers at rest and in response to plyometric exercise between obese and normal weight adolescent females.MethodsTen normal weight (BMI = 21.3 ± 2) and 10 obese (BMI = 32.9 ± 4), postmenarcheal females, aged 13–17 years, performed one bout of plyometric exercise (5 circuits; 120 jumps). Blood samples were taken at rest, 5 min, 1 h, and 24 h post-exercise. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), insulin, leptin, osteocalcin, carboxy-terminal telopeptide (CTX), sclerostin, and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were measured in serum.ResultsCytokines were not different between groups at rest or over time with IL-6 increasing (+31%; p = 0.04) 5 min post-exercise and TNF-α decreasing (-9%; p = 0.001) 1 h post-exercise. Insulin and leptin were higher in the obese compared to the normal weight females. In both groups, insulin significantly increased 5 min post-exercise but remained elevated 1 h post-exercise only in the obese group. Leptin did not change in response to exercise. Osteocalcin was lower in the obese group across time and increased (+12%; p = 0.02) 24 h post-exercise in both groups. CTX was similar between groups at rest and decreased (-24%; p < 0.001) 1 h post-exercise. Sclerostin was similar between groups at rest, but there was a significant interaction reflecting a significant increase (+29%; p = 0.04) 5 min post-exercise in the obese group and a non-significant decrease (-13%; p = 0.08) in normal weight controls. PTH increased 5 min post-exercise, dropped 1 h post-exercise to lower than pre-exercise, and returned to baseline 24 h post-exercise in both groups.ConclusionObese adolescent females from our study had no evidence of resting inflammation or differences in bone resorption but show blunted bone formation when compared to normal weight controls. The direction and temporal changes in inflammatory cytokines, adipokines, and bone turnover markers to exercise were similar in both groups, reflecting an overall bone anabolic response for most biomarkers, except sclerostin, which increased only in the obese females immediately post-exercise, suggesting a different systemic regulation of sclerostin depending on adiposity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T16:56:11Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-2392 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T16:56:11Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-86ff82f9e88142b48f32c134332f51612022-12-21T22:53:57ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Endocrinology1664-23922020-12-011110.3389/fendo.2020.531926531926Cytokines, Adipokines, and Bone Markers at Rest and in Response to Plyometric Exercise in Obese vs Normal Weight Adolescent FemalesNigel Kurgan0Nigel Kurgan1Katherine McKee2Melissa Calleja3Andrea R. Josse4Andrea R. Josse5Panagiota Klentrou6Panagiota Klentrou7Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, CanadaCentre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, CanadaDepartment of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, CanadaDepartment of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, CanadaCentre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, CanadaSchool of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, CanadaDepartment of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, CanadaCentre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, CanadaBackgroundIn adults, excess adiposity has been associated with low-grade, chronic inflammation and compromised bone health, but less is known about these linkages in children. The purpose of this study was to compare the circulating levels of inflammatory cytokines, adipokines, osteokines, and bone markers at rest and in response to plyometric exercise between obese and normal weight adolescent females.MethodsTen normal weight (BMI = 21.3 ± 2) and 10 obese (BMI = 32.9 ± 4), postmenarcheal females, aged 13–17 years, performed one bout of plyometric exercise (5 circuits; 120 jumps). Blood samples were taken at rest, 5 min, 1 h, and 24 h post-exercise. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), insulin, leptin, osteocalcin, carboxy-terminal telopeptide (CTX), sclerostin, and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were measured in serum.ResultsCytokines were not different between groups at rest or over time with IL-6 increasing (+31%; p = 0.04) 5 min post-exercise and TNF-α decreasing (-9%; p = 0.001) 1 h post-exercise. Insulin and leptin were higher in the obese compared to the normal weight females. In both groups, insulin significantly increased 5 min post-exercise but remained elevated 1 h post-exercise only in the obese group. Leptin did not change in response to exercise. Osteocalcin was lower in the obese group across time and increased (+12%; p = 0.02) 24 h post-exercise in both groups. CTX was similar between groups at rest and decreased (-24%; p < 0.001) 1 h post-exercise. Sclerostin was similar between groups at rest, but there was a significant interaction reflecting a significant increase (+29%; p = 0.04) 5 min post-exercise in the obese group and a non-significant decrease (-13%; p = 0.08) in normal weight controls. PTH increased 5 min post-exercise, dropped 1 h post-exercise to lower than pre-exercise, and returned to baseline 24 h post-exercise in both groups.ConclusionObese adolescent females from our study had no evidence of resting inflammation or differences in bone resorption but show blunted bone formation when compared to normal weight controls. The direction and temporal changes in inflammatory cytokines, adipokines, and bone turnover markers to exercise were similar in both groups, reflecting an overall bone anabolic response for most biomarkers, except sclerostin, which increased only in the obese females immediately post-exercise, suggesting a different systemic regulation of sclerostin depending on adiposity.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2020.531926/fullexerciseadolescent girlsobesityinflammationcarboxy-terminal telopeptideosteocalcin |
| spellingShingle | Nigel Kurgan Nigel Kurgan Katherine McKee Melissa Calleja Andrea R. Josse Andrea R. Josse Panagiota Klentrou Panagiota Klentrou Cytokines, Adipokines, and Bone Markers at Rest and in Response to Plyometric Exercise in Obese vs Normal Weight Adolescent Females Frontiers in Endocrinology exercise adolescent girls obesity inflammation carboxy-terminal telopeptide osteocalcin |
| title | Cytokines, Adipokines, and Bone Markers at Rest and in Response to Plyometric Exercise in Obese vs Normal Weight Adolescent Females |
| title_full | Cytokines, Adipokines, and Bone Markers at Rest and in Response to Plyometric Exercise in Obese vs Normal Weight Adolescent Females |
| title_fullStr | Cytokines, Adipokines, and Bone Markers at Rest and in Response to Plyometric Exercise in Obese vs Normal Weight Adolescent Females |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cytokines, Adipokines, and Bone Markers at Rest and in Response to Plyometric Exercise in Obese vs Normal Weight Adolescent Females |
| title_short | Cytokines, Adipokines, and Bone Markers at Rest and in Response to Plyometric Exercise in Obese vs Normal Weight Adolescent Females |
| title_sort | cytokines adipokines and bone markers at rest and in response to plyometric exercise in obese vs normal weight adolescent females |
| topic | exercise adolescent girls obesity inflammation carboxy-terminal telopeptide osteocalcin |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2020.531926/full |
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