Aquaculture Production in the Midst of GHG Emissions in South Africa
The study ascertained the relationship between aquaculture production and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in South Africa. The study used the Autoregressive Distributed Lag—Error Correction Model (ARDL-VECM) with time series data between 1990 and 2020. The results showed that the mean annual aquacult...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Water |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/7/1253 |
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| author | Saul Ngarava Leocadia Zhou Mhlangabezi Slayi Thulani Ningi Aphiwe Nguma Nelisiwe Ncetani |
| author_facet | Saul Ngarava Leocadia Zhou Mhlangabezi Slayi Thulani Ningi Aphiwe Nguma Nelisiwe Ncetani |
| author_sort | Saul Ngarava |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The study ascertained the relationship between aquaculture production and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in South Africa. The study used the Autoregressive Distributed Lag—Error Correction Model (ARDL-VECM) with time series data between 1990 and 2020. The results showed that the mean annual aquaculture production, GHG emissions, and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the period were 5200 tonnes, 412 tonnes, and US$447 billion, respectively. There was a long-run relationship between GHG emissions and GDP. In the short run, GHG emissions had a positive relationship with GDP and a negative relationship with beef production. Furthermore, there was a bi-directional relationship between aquaculture production and GHG emissions. In addition, beef production and GDP had a bi-directional relationship. Beef production also had a positive relationship with aquaculture production. The study concludes that aquaculture production is affected and tends to affect GHG emissions. Aquaculture legislation should consider GHG emissions in South Africa and promote sustainable production techniques. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:21:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8711f9e30a5844bab308a6b04cb2cdb9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:21:58Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-8711f9e30a5844bab308a6b04cb2cdb92023-11-17T17:48:47ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412023-03-01157125310.3390/w15071253Aquaculture Production in the Midst of GHG Emissions in South AfricaSaul Ngarava0Leocadia Zhou1Mhlangabezi Slayi2Thulani Ningi3Aphiwe Nguma4Nelisiwe Ncetani5Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Vening Meinesz Building A, 8a Princeton Avenue, 3584 CB Utrecht, The NetherlandsRisk and Vulnerability Science Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South AfricaRisk and Vulnerability Science Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South AfricaRisk and Vulnerability Science Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South AfricaRisk and Vulnerability Science Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South AfricaRisk and Vulnerability Science Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South AfricaThe study ascertained the relationship between aquaculture production and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in South Africa. The study used the Autoregressive Distributed Lag—Error Correction Model (ARDL-VECM) with time series data between 1990 and 2020. The results showed that the mean annual aquaculture production, GHG emissions, and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the period were 5200 tonnes, 412 tonnes, and US$447 billion, respectively. There was a long-run relationship between GHG emissions and GDP. In the short run, GHG emissions had a positive relationship with GDP and a negative relationship with beef production. Furthermore, there was a bi-directional relationship between aquaculture production and GHG emissions. In addition, beef production and GDP had a bi-directional relationship. Beef production also had a positive relationship with aquaculture production. The study concludes that aquaculture production is affected and tends to affect GHG emissions. Aquaculture legislation should consider GHG emissions in South Africa and promote sustainable production techniques.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/7/1253aquacultureautoregressive distributed lag-error correction model (ARDL-ECM)beefgreenhouse gas (GHG)gross domestic product (GDP)South Africa |
| spellingShingle | Saul Ngarava Leocadia Zhou Mhlangabezi Slayi Thulani Ningi Aphiwe Nguma Nelisiwe Ncetani Aquaculture Production in the Midst of GHG Emissions in South Africa Water aquaculture autoregressive distributed lag-error correction model (ARDL-ECM) beef greenhouse gas (GHG) gross domestic product (GDP) South Africa |
| title | Aquaculture Production in the Midst of GHG Emissions in South Africa |
| title_full | Aquaculture Production in the Midst of GHG Emissions in South Africa |
| title_fullStr | Aquaculture Production in the Midst of GHG Emissions in South Africa |
| title_full_unstemmed | Aquaculture Production in the Midst of GHG Emissions in South Africa |
| title_short | Aquaculture Production in the Midst of GHG Emissions in South Africa |
| title_sort | aquaculture production in the midst of ghg emissions in south africa |
| topic | aquaculture autoregressive distributed lag-error correction model (ARDL-ECM) beef greenhouse gas (GHG) gross domestic product (GDP) South Africa |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/7/1253 |
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