Genetic Improvement in Plant Architecture, Maturity Duration and Agronomic Traits of Three Traditional Rice Landraces through Gamma Ray-Based Induced Mutagenesis
Mutation breeding offers a simple, fast and efficient way to rectify major defects without altering their original identity. The present study deployed radiation (gamma rays @ 300Gy)-induced mutation breeding for the improvement and revival of three traditional rice landraces, viz., Samundchini, Vis...
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/24/3448 |
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| author | Richa Sao Parmeshwar K. Sahu Raviraj Singh Patel Bikram K. Das Ljupcho Jankuloski Deepak Sharma |
| author_facet | Richa Sao Parmeshwar K. Sahu Raviraj Singh Patel Bikram K. Das Ljupcho Jankuloski Deepak Sharma |
| author_sort | Richa Sao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Mutation breeding offers a simple, fast and efficient way to rectify major defects without altering their original identity. The present study deployed radiation (gamma rays @ 300Gy)-induced mutation breeding for the improvement and revival of three traditional rice landraces, viz., Samundchini, Vishnubhog and Jhilli. Among the various putative mutants identified in the M2 generation, only three, ten and five rice mutants of Samundchini, Vishnubhog and Jhilli, respectively, were advanced to the M4, M5 and M6 generations, along with their parents and three checks for evaluations based on 13 agro-morphological and 16 grain quality traits. Interestingly, all the mutants of the three landraces showed a reduction in days to 50% flowering and plant height as compared to their parents in all the three generations. The reduction in days to 50% flowering ranges from 4.94% (Vishnubhog Mutant V-67) to 21.40% (Jhilli Mutant J-2-13), whereas the reduction in plant height varies from 11.28% (Vishnubhog Mutant V-45-2, Vishnubhog Mutant V-67) to 37.65% (Jhilli Mutant J-15-1). Furthermore, two, six and three mutants of Samundchini, Vishnubhog and Jhilli have increased their yield potential over their corresponding parents, respectively. Interestingly, Samundchini Mutant S-18-1 (22.45%), Vishnubhog Mutant V-74-6 (36.87%) and Jhilli Mutant J-13-5 (25.96%) showed the highest yield advantages over their parents. Further, a pooled analysis of variance based on a randomized complete block design revealed ample variations among the genotypes for the studied traits. In addition, all the traits consistently showed high to moderate PCV and GCV and a slight difference between them in all three generations indicated the negligible effect of the environment. Moreover, in the association analysis, the traits, viz., fertile spikelets/panicle, panicle length, total tillers/plant, spikelet fertility percent and 100-seed weight showed the usual grain yield/plant, whereas the traits hulling (%) and milling (%) with HRR (%) consistently showed high direct effects and significant positive correlations. The SSR marker-based genome similarity in rice mutants and corresponding parents ranged from 95.60% to 71.70% (Vishnubhog); 95.62% to 89.10% (Samundchini) and 95.62% to 80.40% (Jhilli), indicating the trueness of the mutants. Moreover, the UPGMA algorithm and Gower distance-based dendrogram, neighbour joining tree and PCA scatter diagram assured that mutants were grouped with their respective parents and fell into separate clusters showing high similarity between mutants and parents and dissimilarity among the 24 genotypes. Overall, the information and materials generated from the current study will be very useful and informative for students, researchers and plant breeders. Additionally, our results also showed that irradiation could generate a considerable amount of genetic variability and provide new avenues for crop improvement and diversification. |
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| spelling | doaj.art-87134f8c16d54360b085021c47e446fd2023-11-24T17:27:28ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472022-12-011124344810.3390/plants11243448Genetic Improvement in Plant Architecture, Maturity Duration and Agronomic Traits of Three Traditional Rice Landraces through Gamma Ray-Based Induced MutagenesisRicha Sao0Parmeshwar K. Sahu1Raviraj Singh Patel2Bikram K. Das3Ljupcho Jankuloski4Deepak Sharma5Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya (IGKV), Raipur 492012, IndiaDepartment of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya (IGKV), Raipur 492012, IndiaDepartment of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya (IGKV), Raipur 492012, IndiaNuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai 400085, IndiaPlant Breeding and Genetics Section, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre, International Atomic Energy Agency, 1400 Vienna, AustriaDepartment of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya (IGKV), Raipur 492012, IndiaMutation breeding offers a simple, fast and efficient way to rectify major defects without altering their original identity. The present study deployed radiation (gamma rays @ 300Gy)-induced mutation breeding for the improvement and revival of three traditional rice landraces, viz., Samundchini, Vishnubhog and Jhilli. Among the various putative mutants identified in the M2 generation, only three, ten and five rice mutants of Samundchini, Vishnubhog and Jhilli, respectively, were advanced to the M4, M5 and M6 generations, along with their parents and three checks for evaluations based on 13 agro-morphological and 16 grain quality traits. Interestingly, all the mutants of the three landraces showed a reduction in days to 50% flowering and plant height as compared to their parents in all the three generations. The reduction in days to 50% flowering ranges from 4.94% (Vishnubhog Mutant V-67) to 21.40% (Jhilli Mutant J-2-13), whereas the reduction in plant height varies from 11.28% (Vishnubhog Mutant V-45-2, Vishnubhog Mutant V-67) to 37.65% (Jhilli Mutant J-15-1). Furthermore, two, six and three mutants of Samundchini, Vishnubhog and Jhilli have increased their yield potential over their corresponding parents, respectively. Interestingly, Samundchini Mutant S-18-1 (22.45%), Vishnubhog Mutant V-74-6 (36.87%) and Jhilli Mutant J-13-5 (25.96%) showed the highest yield advantages over their parents. Further, a pooled analysis of variance based on a randomized complete block design revealed ample variations among the genotypes for the studied traits. In addition, all the traits consistently showed high to moderate PCV and GCV and a slight difference between them in all three generations indicated the negligible effect of the environment. Moreover, in the association analysis, the traits, viz., fertile spikelets/panicle, panicle length, total tillers/plant, spikelet fertility percent and 100-seed weight showed the usual grain yield/plant, whereas the traits hulling (%) and milling (%) with HRR (%) consistently showed high direct effects and significant positive correlations. The SSR marker-based genome similarity in rice mutants and corresponding parents ranged from 95.60% to 71.70% (Vishnubhog); 95.62% to 89.10% (Samundchini) and 95.62% to 80.40% (Jhilli), indicating the trueness of the mutants. Moreover, the UPGMA algorithm and Gower distance-based dendrogram, neighbour joining tree and PCA scatter diagram assured that mutants were grouped with their respective parents and fell into separate clusters showing high similarity between mutants and parents and dissimilarity among the 24 genotypes. Overall, the information and materials generated from the current study will be very useful and informative for students, researchers and plant breeders. Additionally, our results also showed that irradiation could generate a considerable amount of genetic variability and provide new avenues for crop improvement and diversification.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/24/3448rice landracesmutation breedinggenetic improvementgamma raysplant architecturematurity duration |
| spellingShingle | Richa Sao Parmeshwar K. Sahu Raviraj Singh Patel Bikram K. Das Ljupcho Jankuloski Deepak Sharma Genetic Improvement in Plant Architecture, Maturity Duration and Agronomic Traits of Three Traditional Rice Landraces through Gamma Ray-Based Induced Mutagenesis Plants rice landraces mutation breeding genetic improvement gamma rays plant architecture maturity duration |
| title | Genetic Improvement in Plant Architecture, Maturity Duration and Agronomic Traits of Three Traditional Rice Landraces through Gamma Ray-Based Induced Mutagenesis |
| title_full | Genetic Improvement in Plant Architecture, Maturity Duration and Agronomic Traits of Three Traditional Rice Landraces through Gamma Ray-Based Induced Mutagenesis |
| title_fullStr | Genetic Improvement in Plant Architecture, Maturity Duration and Agronomic Traits of Three Traditional Rice Landraces through Gamma Ray-Based Induced Mutagenesis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Genetic Improvement in Plant Architecture, Maturity Duration and Agronomic Traits of Three Traditional Rice Landraces through Gamma Ray-Based Induced Mutagenesis |
| title_short | Genetic Improvement in Plant Architecture, Maturity Duration and Agronomic Traits of Three Traditional Rice Landraces through Gamma Ray-Based Induced Mutagenesis |
| title_sort | genetic improvement in plant architecture maturity duration and agronomic traits of three traditional rice landraces through gamma ray based induced mutagenesis |
| topic | rice landraces mutation breeding genetic improvement gamma rays plant architecture maturity duration |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/24/3448 |
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