A Double-Layer Vehicle Speed Prediction Based on BPNN-LSTM for Off-Road Vehicles
The accurate prediction of vehicle speed is crucial for the energy management of vehicles. The existing vehicle speed prediction (VSP) methods mainly focus on road vehicles and rarely on off-road vehicles. In this paper, a double-layer VSP method based on backpropagation neural network (BPNN) and lo...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/14/6385 |
| _version_ | 1797587526683197440 |
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| author | Jichao Liu Yanyan Liang Zheng Chen Huaiyi Li Weikang Zhang Junling Sun |
| author_facet | Jichao Liu Yanyan Liang Zheng Chen Huaiyi Li Weikang Zhang Junling Sun |
| author_sort | Jichao Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The accurate prediction of vehicle speed is crucial for the energy management of vehicles. The existing vehicle speed prediction (VSP) methods mainly focus on road vehicles and rarely on off-road vehicles. In this paper, a double-layer VSP method based on backpropagation neural network (BPNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM) for off-road vehicles is proposed. First of all, considering the motion characteristics of off-road vehicles, the VSP problem is established and the relationship between the variables in the problem is carefully analyzed. Then, the double-layer VSP framework is presented, which consists of speed prediction and information update layers. The speed prediction layer established by using LSTM is to predict vehicle speed in the horizon, and the information update layer built by BPNN is to update the prediction information. Finally, with the help of mining truck and loader operation scenarios, the proposed VSP method is compared with the analytical method, BPNN prediction method, and recurrent neural network (RNN) prediction method in terms of speed prediction accuracy. The results show that, under the premise of ensuring the real-time prediction performance, the average prediction error of the proposed BPNN-LSTM prediction method under two operation scenarios reduces by 48.14%, 35.82% and 30.09% compared with the other three methods, respectively. The proposed speed prediction method provides a new solution for predicting the speed of off-road vehicles, effectively improving the speed prediction accuracy. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:40:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8714c240ac0b4fe7a56007c9c14a76ea |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:40:11Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-8714c240ac0b4fe7a56007c9c14a76ea2023-11-18T21:16:59ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202023-07-012314638510.3390/s23146385A Double-Layer Vehicle Speed Prediction Based on BPNN-LSTM for Off-Road VehiclesJichao Liu0Yanyan Liang1Zheng Chen2Huaiyi Li3Weikang Zhang4Junling Sun5Jiangsu XCMG Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xuzhou 221004, ChinaJiangsu XCMG Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xuzhou 221004, ChinaSchool of Materials and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, ChinaJiangsu XCMG Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xuzhou 221004, ChinaJiangsu XCMG Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xuzhou 221004, ChinaJiangsu XCMG Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xuzhou 221004, ChinaThe accurate prediction of vehicle speed is crucial for the energy management of vehicles. The existing vehicle speed prediction (VSP) methods mainly focus on road vehicles and rarely on off-road vehicles. In this paper, a double-layer VSP method based on backpropagation neural network (BPNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM) for off-road vehicles is proposed. First of all, considering the motion characteristics of off-road vehicles, the VSP problem is established and the relationship between the variables in the problem is carefully analyzed. Then, the double-layer VSP framework is presented, which consists of speed prediction and information update layers. The speed prediction layer established by using LSTM is to predict vehicle speed in the horizon, and the information update layer built by BPNN is to update the prediction information. Finally, with the help of mining truck and loader operation scenarios, the proposed VSP method is compared with the analytical method, BPNN prediction method, and recurrent neural network (RNN) prediction method in terms of speed prediction accuracy. The results show that, under the premise of ensuring the real-time prediction performance, the average prediction error of the proposed BPNN-LSTM prediction method under two operation scenarios reduces by 48.14%, 35.82% and 30.09% compared with the other three methods, respectively. The proposed speed prediction method provides a new solution for predicting the speed of off-road vehicles, effectively improving the speed prediction accuracy.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/14/6385vehicle speed predictionBPNNLSTMnon-road vehicles |
| spellingShingle | Jichao Liu Yanyan Liang Zheng Chen Huaiyi Li Weikang Zhang Junling Sun A Double-Layer Vehicle Speed Prediction Based on BPNN-LSTM for Off-Road Vehicles Sensors vehicle speed prediction BPNN LSTM non-road vehicles |
| title | A Double-Layer Vehicle Speed Prediction Based on BPNN-LSTM for Off-Road Vehicles |
| title_full | A Double-Layer Vehicle Speed Prediction Based on BPNN-LSTM for Off-Road Vehicles |
| title_fullStr | A Double-Layer Vehicle Speed Prediction Based on BPNN-LSTM for Off-Road Vehicles |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Double-Layer Vehicle Speed Prediction Based on BPNN-LSTM for Off-Road Vehicles |
| title_short | A Double-Layer Vehicle Speed Prediction Based on BPNN-LSTM for Off-Road Vehicles |
| title_sort | double layer vehicle speed prediction based on bpnn lstm for off road vehicles |
| topic | vehicle speed prediction BPNN LSTM non-road vehicles |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/14/6385 |
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