First Impressions Matter: Immune Imprinting and Antibody Cross-Reactivity in Influenza and SARS-CoV-2
Many rigorous studies have shown that early childhood infections leave a lasting imprint on the immune system. The understanding of this phenomenon has expanded significantly since 1960, when Dr. Thomas Francis Jr first coined the term “original antigenic sin”, to account for all previous pathogen e...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Pathogens |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/12/2/169 |
| _version_ | 1797618893058998272 |
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| author | Samantha M. King Shane P. Bryan Shannon P. Hilchey Jiong Wang Martin S. Zand |
| author_facet | Samantha M. King Shane P. Bryan Shannon P. Hilchey Jiong Wang Martin S. Zand |
| author_sort | Samantha M. King |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Many rigorous studies have shown that early childhood infections leave a lasting imprint on the immune system. The understanding of this phenomenon has expanded significantly since 1960, when Dr. Thomas Francis Jr first coined the term “original antigenic sin”, to account for all previous pathogen exposures, rather than only the first. Now more commonly referred to as “immune imprinting”, this effect most often focuses on how memory B-cell responses are shaped by prior antigen exposure, and the resultant antibodies produced after subsequent exposure to antigenically similar pathogens. Although imprinting was originally observed within the context of influenza viral infection, it has since been applied to the pandemic coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. To fully comprehend how imprinting affects the evolution of antibody responses, it is necessary to compare responses elicited by pathogenic strains that are both antigenically similar and dissimilar to strains encountered previously. To accomplish this, we must be able to measure the antigenic distance between strains, which can be easily accomplished using data from multidimensional immunological assays. The knowledge of imprinting, combined with antigenic distance measures, may allow for improvements in vaccine design and development for both influenza and SARS-CoV-2 viruses. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:19:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8739bfce69ff47a6b0f106f440aa9a21 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-0817 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:19:02Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj.art-8739bfce69ff47a6b0f106f440aa9a212023-11-16T22:32:59ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172023-01-0112216910.3390/pathogens12020169First Impressions Matter: Immune Imprinting and Antibody Cross-Reactivity in Influenza and SARS-CoV-2Samantha M. King0Shane P. Bryan1Shannon P. Hilchey2Jiong Wang3Martin S. Zand4Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USADepartment of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USADepartment of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USADepartment of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USADepartment of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USAMany rigorous studies have shown that early childhood infections leave a lasting imprint on the immune system. The understanding of this phenomenon has expanded significantly since 1960, when Dr. Thomas Francis Jr first coined the term “original antigenic sin”, to account for all previous pathogen exposures, rather than only the first. Now more commonly referred to as “immune imprinting”, this effect most often focuses on how memory B-cell responses are shaped by prior antigen exposure, and the resultant antibodies produced after subsequent exposure to antigenically similar pathogens. Although imprinting was originally observed within the context of influenza viral infection, it has since been applied to the pandemic coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. To fully comprehend how imprinting affects the evolution of antibody responses, it is necessary to compare responses elicited by pathogenic strains that are both antigenically similar and dissimilar to strains encountered previously. To accomplish this, we must be able to measure the antigenic distance between strains, which can be easily accomplished using data from multidimensional immunological assays. The knowledge of imprinting, combined with antigenic distance measures, may allow for improvements in vaccine design and development for both influenza and SARS-CoV-2 viruses.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/12/2/169influenzaimmune imprintingSARS-CoV-2antigenic distancemultidimensional assaycross-reactivity |
| spellingShingle | Samantha M. King Shane P. Bryan Shannon P. Hilchey Jiong Wang Martin S. Zand First Impressions Matter: Immune Imprinting and Antibody Cross-Reactivity in Influenza and SARS-CoV-2 Pathogens influenza immune imprinting SARS-CoV-2 antigenic distance multidimensional assay cross-reactivity |
| title | First Impressions Matter: Immune Imprinting and Antibody Cross-Reactivity in Influenza and SARS-CoV-2 |
| title_full | First Impressions Matter: Immune Imprinting and Antibody Cross-Reactivity in Influenza and SARS-CoV-2 |
| title_fullStr | First Impressions Matter: Immune Imprinting and Antibody Cross-Reactivity in Influenza and SARS-CoV-2 |
| title_full_unstemmed | First Impressions Matter: Immune Imprinting and Antibody Cross-Reactivity in Influenza and SARS-CoV-2 |
| title_short | First Impressions Matter: Immune Imprinting and Antibody Cross-Reactivity in Influenza and SARS-CoV-2 |
| title_sort | first impressions matter immune imprinting and antibody cross reactivity in influenza and sars cov 2 |
| topic | influenza immune imprinting SARS-CoV-2 antigenic distance multidimensional assay cross-reactivity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/12/2/169 |
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