Paradigms of Protist/Bacteria Symbioses Affecting Human Health: Acanthamoeba species and Trichomonas vaginalis
Ever since the publication of the seminal paper by Lynn Margulis in 1967 proposing the theory of the endosymbiotic origin of organelles, the study of the symbiotic relationships between unicellular eukaryotes and prokaryotes has received ever-growing attention by microbiologists and evolutionists al...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2020.616213/full |
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| author | Fiona L. Henriquez Ronnie Mooney Timothy Bandel Elisa Giammarini Mohammed Zeroual Mohammed Zeroual Pier Luigi Fiori Pier Luigi Fiori Valentina Margarita Paola Rappelli Paola Rappelli Daniele Dessì Daniele Dessì |
| author_facet | Fiona L. Henriquez Ronnie Mooney Timothy Bandel Elisa Giammarini Mohammed Zeroual Mohammed Zeroual Pier Luigi Fiori Pier Luigi Fiori Valentina Margarita Paola Rappelli Paola Rappelli Daniele Dessì Daniele Dessì |
| author_sort | Fiona L. Henriquez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ever since the publication of the seminal paper by Lynn Margulis in 1967 proposing the theory of the endosymbiotic origin of organelles, the study of the symbiotic relationships between unicellular eukaryotes and prokaryotes has received ever-growing attention by microbiologists and evolutionists alike. While the evolutionary significance of the endosymbiotic associations within protists has emerged and is intensively studied, the impact of these relationships on human health has been seldom taken into account. Microbial endosymbioses involving human eukaryotic pathogens are not common, and the sexually transmitted obligate parasite Trichomonas vaginalis and the free-living opportunistic pathogen Acanthamoeba represent two unique cases in this regard, to date. The reasons of this peculiarity for T. vaginalis and Acanthamoeba may be due to their lifestyles, characterized by bacteria-rich environments. However, this characteristic does not fully explain the reason why no bacterial endosymbiont has yet been detected in unicellular eukaryotic human pathogens other than in T. vaginalis and Acanthamoeba, albeit sparse and poorly investigated examples of morphological identification of bacteria-like microorganisms associated with Giardia and Entamoeba were reported in the past. In this review article we will present the body of experimental evidences revealing the profound effects of these examples of protist/bacteria symbiosis on the pathogenesis of the microbial species involved, and ultimately their impact on human health. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-17T06:23:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-873d42b0dd954b58bd7c86889e865b30 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-302X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-17T06:23:02Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-873d42b0dd954b58bd7c86889e865b302022-12-21T22:00:22ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2021-01-011110.3389/fmicb.2020.616213616213Paradigms of Protist/Bacteria Symbioses Affecting Human Health: Acanthamoeba species and Trichomonas vaginalisFiona L. Henriquez0Ronnie Mooney1Timothy Bandel2Elisa Giammarini3Mohammed Zeroual4Mohammed Zeroual5Pier Luigi Fiori6Pier Luigi Fiori7Valentina Margarita8Paola Rappelli9Paola Rappelli10Daniele Dessì11Daniele Dessì12School of Health and Life Sciences, University of West Scotland, Paisley, United KingdomSchool of Health and Life Sciences, University of West Scotland, Paisley, United KingdomSchool of Health and Life Sciences, University of West Scotland, Paisley, United KingdomSchool of Health and Life Sciences, University of West Scotland, Paisley, United KingdomSchool of Health and Life Sciences, University of West Scotland, Paisley, United KingdomDipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, ItalyDipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, ItalyMediterrenean Center for Disease Control, Sassari, ItalyDipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, ItalyDipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, ItalyMediterrenean Center for Disease Control, Sassari, ItalyDipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, ItalyMediterrenean Center for Disease Control, Sassari, ItalyEver since the publication of the seminal paper by Lynn Margulis in 1967 proposing the theory of the endosymbiotic origin of organelles, the study of the symbiotic relationships between unicellular eukaryotes and prokaryotes has received ever-growing attention by microbiologists and evolutionists alike. While the evolutionary significance of the endosymbiotic associations within protists has emerged and is intensively studied, the impact of these relationships on human health has been seldom taken into account. Microbial endosymbioses involving human eukaryotic pathogens are not common, and the sexually transmitted obligate parasite Trichomonas vaginalis and the free-living opportunistic pathogen Acanthamoeba represent two unique cases in this regard, to date. The reasons of this peculiarity for T. vaginalis and Acanthamoeba may be due to their lifestyles, characterized by bacteria-rich environments. However, this characteristic does not fully explain the reason why no bacterial endosymbiont has yet been detected in unicellular eukaryotic human pathogens other than in T. vaginalis and Acanthamoeba, albeit sparse and poorly investigated examples of morphological identification of bacteria-like microorganisms associated with Giardia and Entamoeba were reported in the past. In this review article we will present the body of experimental evidences revealing the profound effects of these examples of protist/bacteria symbiosis on the pathogenesis of the microbial species involved, and ultimately their impact on human health.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2020.616213/fullAcanthamoebamicrobial pathogenesismycoplasmainfectionTrichomonas vaginalismicrobial symbiosis |
| spellingShingle | Fiona L. Henriquez Ronnie Mooney Timothy Bandel Elisa Giammarini Mohammed Zeroual Mohammed Zeroual Pier Luigi Fiori Pier Luigi Fiori Valentina Margarita Paola Rappelli Paola Rappelli Daniele Dessì Daniele Dessì Paradigms of Protist/Bacteria Symbioses Affecting Human Health: Acanthamoeba species and Trichomonas vaginalis Frontiers in Microbiology Acanthamoeba microbial pathogenesis mycoplasma infection Trichomonas vaginalis microbial symbiosis |
| title | Paradigms of Protist/Bacteria Symbioses Affecting Human Health: Acanthamoeba species and Trichomonas vaginalis |
| title_full | Paradigms of Protist/Bacteria Symbioses Affecting Human Health: Acanthamoeba species and Trichomonas vaginalis |
| title_fullStr | Paradigms of Protist/Bacteria Symbioses Affecting Human Health: Acanthamoeba species and Trichomonas vaginalis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Paradigms of Protist/Bacteria Symbioses Affecting Human Health: Acanthamoeba species and Trichomonas vaginalis |
| title_short | Paradigms of Protist/Bacteria Symbioses Affecting Human Health: Acanthamoeba species and Trichomonas vaginalis |
| title_sort | paradigms of protist bacteria symbioses affecting human health acanthamoeba species and trichomonas vaginalis |
| topic | Acanthamoeba microbial pathogenesis mycoplasma infection Trichomonas vaginalis microbial symbiosis |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2020.616213/full |
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