Function of ALA Content in Porphyrin Metabolism Regulation of <i>Ananas comosus</i> var. <i>bracteatus</i>
Chlorophyll and heme are essential molecules for photosynthesis and respiration, which are competing branches of the porphyrin metabolism pathway. Chlorophyll and heme balance regulation is very important for the growth and development of plants. The chimeric leaves of <i>Ananas comosus</i&...
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/6/5274 |
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| author | Mark Owusu Adjei Jiaheng Luo Xi Li Juan Du Aiping Luan Shujiang Li Jun Ma |
| author_facet | Mark Owusu Adjei Jiaheng Luo Xi Li Juan Du Aiping Luan Shujiang Li Jun Ma |
| author_sort | Mark Owusu Adjei |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Chlorophyll and heme are essential molecules for photosynthesis and respiration, which are competing branches of the porphyrin metabolism pathway. Chlorophyll and heme balance regulation is very important for the growth and development of plants. The chimeric leaves of <i>Ananas comosus</i> var. <i>bracteatus</i> were composed of central photosynthetic tissue (PT) and marginal albino tissue (AT), which were ideal materials for the study of porphyrin metabolism mechanisms. In this study, the regulatory function of ALA content on porphyrin metabolism (chlorophyll and heme balance) was revealed by comparing PT and AT, 5-Aminolevulinic Acid (ALA) exogenous supply, and interference of <i>hemA</i> expression. The AT remained similar in porphyrin metabolism flow level to the PT by keeping an equal ALA content in both tissues, which was very important for the normal growth of the chimeric leaves. As the chlorophyll biosynthesis in AT was significantly inhibited, the porphyrin metabolism flow was directed more toward the heme branch. Both tissues had similar Mg<sup>2+</sup> contents; however, Fe<sup>2+</sup> content was significantly increased in the AT. The chlorophyll biosynthesis inhibition in the white tissue was not due to a lack of Mg<sup>2+</sup> and ALA. A 1.5-fold increase in ALA content inhibited chlorophyll biosynthesis while promoting heme biosynthesis and hemA expression. The doubling of ALA content boosted chlorophyll biosynthesis while decreasing <i>hemA</i> expression and heme content. <i>HemA</i> expression interference resulted in a higher ALA content and a lower chlorophyll content, while the heme content remained at a relatively low and stable level. Conclusively, a certain amount of ALA was important for the stability of porphyrin metabolism and the normal growth of plants. The ALA content appears to be able to regulate chlorophyll and heme content by bidirectionally regulating porphyrin metabolism branch direction. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:27:09Z |
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| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:27:09Z |
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| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-8742cf8f4d064318aa6b7cd1a79dcdf82023-11-17T11:31:34ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-03-01246527410.3390/ijms24065274Function of ALA Content in Porphyrin Metabolism Regulation of <i>Ananas comosus</i> var. <i>bracteatus</i>Mark Owusu Adjei0Jiaheng Luo1Xi Li2Juan Du3Aiping Luan4Shujiang Li5Jun Ma6College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611100, ChinaCollege of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611100, ChinaCollege of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611100, ChinaCollege of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611100, ChinaTropical Crop Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Haikou 571101, ChinaCollege of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaCollege of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611100, ChinaChlorophyll and heme are essential molecules for photosynthesis and respiration, which are competing branches of the porphyrin metabolism pathway. Chlorophyll and heme balance regulation is very important for the growth and development of plants. The chimeric leaves of <i>Ananas comosus</i> var. <i>bracteatus</i> were composed of central photosynthetic tissue (PT) and marginal albino tissue (AT), which were ideal materials for the study of porphyrin metabolism mechanisms. In this study, the regulatory function of ALA content on porphyrin metabolism (chlorophyll and heme balance) was revealed by comparing PT and AT, 5-Aminolevulinic Acid (ALA) exogenous supply, and interference of <i>hemA</i> expression. The AT remained similar in porphyrin metabolism flow level to the PT by keeping an equal ALA content in both tissues, which was very important for the normal growth of the chimeric leaves. As the chlorophyll biosynthesis in AT was significantly inhibited, the porphyrin metabolism flow was directed more toward the heme branch. Both tissues had similar Mg<sup>2+</sup> contents; however, Fe<sup>2+</sup> content was significantly increased in the AT. The chlorophyll biosynthesis inhibition in the white tissue was not due to a lack of Mg<sup>2+</sup> and ALA. A 1.5-fold increase in ALA content inhibited chlorophyll biosynthesis while promoting heme biosynthesis and hemA expression. The doubling of ALA content boosted chlorophyll biosynthesis while decreasing <i>hemA</i> expression and heme content. <i>HemA</i> expression interference resulted in a higher ALA content and a lower chlorophyll content, while the heme content remained at a relatively low and stable level. Conclusively, a certain amount of ALA was important for the stability of porphyrin metabolism and the normal growth of plants. The ALA content appears to be able to regulate chlorophyll and heme content by bidirectionally regulating porphyrin metabolism branch direction.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/6/5274chimeric leaf5-aminolevulinic acidchlorophyllheme<i>hemA</i> |
| spellingShingle | Mark Owusu Adjei Jiaheng Luo Xi Li Juan Du Aiping Luan Shujiang Li Jun Ma Function of ALA Content in Porphyrin Metabolism Regulation of <i>Ananas comosus</i> var. <i>bracteatus</i> International Journal of Molecular Sciences chimeric leaf 5-aminolevulinic acid chlorophyll heme <i>hemA</i> |
| title | Function of ALA Content in Porphyrin Metabolism Regulation of <i>Ananas comosus</i> var. <i>bracteatus</i> |
| title_full | Function of ALA Content in Porphyrin Metabolism Regulation of <i>Ananas comosus</i> var. <i>bracteatus</i> |
| title_fullStr | Function of ALA Content in Porphyrin Metabolism Regulation of <i>Ananas comosus</i> var. <i>bracteatus</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Function of ALA Content in Porphyrin Metabolism Regulation of <i>Ananas comosus</i> var. <i>bracteatus</i> |
| title_short | Function of ALA Content in Porphyrin Metabolism Regulation of <i>Ananas comosus</i> var. <i>bracteatus</i> |
| title_sort | function of ala content in porphyrin metabolism regulation of i ananas comosus i var i bracteatus i |
| topic | chimeric leaf 5-aminolevulinic acid chlorophyll heme <i>hemA</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/6/5274 |
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