Development of toileting behaviour evaluation for Japanese older patients using wheelchairs in a hospital setting: a validation study
Abstract Background Ageing limits the activities of daily living (ADLs). Among ADLs, a lack of toileting independence causes a decline in the quality of life, mental health, and social participation. Therefore, occupational therapists spend considerable time assessing toileting disability based on v...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2023-06-01
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| Series: | BMC Geriatrics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-023-04069-9 |
| _version_ | 1797806519705665536 |
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| author | Yasuhiro Higashi Toshikatsu Kaneda Yoshimi Yuri Takumi Horimoto Yuta Somei Kimiaki Hirayama |
| author_facet | Yasuhiro Higashi Toshikatsu Kaneda Yoshimi Yuri Takumi Horimoto Yuta Somei Kimiaki Hirayama |
| author_sort | Yasuhiro Higashi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Ageing limits the activities of daily living (ADLs). Among ADLs, a lack of toileting independence causes a decline in the quality of life, mental health, and social participation. Therefore, occupational therapists spend considerable time assessing toileting disability based on various assessment methods for toileting behaviour. However, these assessment methods have issues with the grading levels, number of items, and diseases covered, and they fail to evaluate toileting behaviour accurately and sensitively. Hence, this study developed a Toileting Behaviour Evaluation (TBE) on a 6-point ordinal scale for patients using wheelchairs, with 22 activity components for various diseases. Methods This study examined the reliability and validity of the TBE in acute and subacute hospitals in Japan. To this end, two occupational therapists assessed 50 patients for inter-rater reliability at different times and one assessed them twice within 7–10 days for intra-rater reliability using the TBE. Furthermore, occupational therapists assessed 100 patients for internal consistency using the TBE and for concurrent validity using the TBE and Functional Independence Measure (FIM). The patients had been diagnosed with various diseases. This study used the weighted kappa coefficient for statistical analysis of the inter-rater and intra-rater reliability, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for internal consistency, and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient for concurrent validity. We performed all statistical analyses using the IBM SPSS Statistics ver. 25 for Windows. All P-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results The minimum weighted kappa coefficients for the inter-rater and intra-rater reliability for each item were 0.67 and 0.79, respectively. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.98 for the 22 items. The Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient between the mean scores on the TBE and FIM for toilet-related items was 0.74 (P < .01). Conclusions The TBE demonstrated good reliability and validity. This means that therapists can use it to identify impaired toileting behaviour. However, the relationship between impairments and each item of toileting behaviour should be explored in future studies. Additionally, studies should examine the creation of a specific index of functions of independence in each toileting behaviour. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T06:08:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8749068266dc4d8fa554a2732c04497c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2318 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T06:08:34Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Geriatrics |
| spelling | doaj.art-8749068266dc4d8fa554a2732c04497c2023-06-11T11:24:52ZengBMCBMC Geriatrics1471-23182023-06-012311710.1186/s12877-023-04069-9Development of toileting behaviour evaluation for Japanese older patients using wheelchairs in a hospital setting: a validation studyYasuhiro Higashi0Toshikatsu Kaneda1Yoshimi Yuri2Takumi Horimoto3Yuta Somei4Kimiaki Hirayama5Faculty of Health Sciences, Morinomiya University of Medical SciencesFaculty of Health Sciences, Morinomiya University of Medical SciencesFaculty of Health Sciences, Morinomiya University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Rehabilitation, Osaka General Hospital of West Japan Railway CompanyDepartment of Rehabilitation, Kansai Rehabilitation HospitalDepartment of Rehabilitation, Kiba HospitalAbstract Background Ageing limits the activities of daily living (ADLs). Among ADLs, a lack of toileting independence causes a decline in the quality of life, mental health, and social participation. Therefore, occupational therapists spend considerable time assessing toileting disability based on various assessment methods for toileting behaviour. However, these assessment methods have issues with the grading levels, number of items, and diseases covered, and they fail to evaluate toileting behaviour accurately and sensitively. Hence, this study developed a Toileting Behaviour Evaluation (TBE) on a 6-point ordinal scale for patients using wheelchairs, with 22 activity components for various diseases. Methods This study examined the reliability and validity of the TBE in acute and subacute hospitals in Japan. To this end, two occupational therapists assessed 50 patients for inter-rater reliability at different times and one assessed them twice within 7–10 days for intra-rater reliability using the TBE. Furthermore, occupational therapists assessed 100 patients for internal consistency using the TBE and for concurrent validity using the TBE and Functional Independence Measure (FIM). The patients had been diagnosed with various diseases. This study used the weighted kappa coefficient for statistical analysis of the inter-rater and intra-rater reliability, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for internal consistency, and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient for concurrent validity. We performed all statistical analyses using the IBM SPSS Statistics ver. 25 for Windows. All P-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results The minimum weighted kappa coefficients for the inter-rater and intra-rater reliability for each item were 0.67 and 0.79, respectively. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.98 for the 22 items. The Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient between the mean scores on the TBE and FIM for toilet-related items was 0.74 (P < .01). Conclusions The TBE demonstrated good reliability and validity. This means that therapists can use it to identify impaired toileting behaviour. However, the relationship between impairments and each item of toileting behaviour should be explored in future studies. Additionally, studies should examine the creation of a specific index of functions of independence in each toileting behaviour.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-023-04069-9Toileting behaviour evaluationReliabilityValidityActivities of Daily Living |
| spellingShingle | Yasuhiro Higashi Toshikatsu Kaneda Yoshimi Yuri Takumi Horimoto Yuta Somei Kimiaki Hirayama Development of toileting behaviour evaluation for Japanese older patients using wheelchairs in a hospital setting: a validation study BMC Geriatrics Toileting behaviour evaluation Reliability Validity Activities of Daily Living |
| title | Development of toileting behaviour evaluation for Japanese older patients using wheelchairs in a hospital setting: a validation study |
| title_full | Development of toileting behaviour evaluation for Japanese older patients using wheelchairs in a hospital setting: a validation study |
| title_fullStr | Development of toileting behaviour evaluation for Japanese older patients using wheelchairs in a hospital setting: a validation study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Development of toileting behaviour evaluation for Japanese older patients using wheelchairs in a hospital setting: a validation study |
| title_short | Development of toileting behaviour evaluation for Japanese older patients using wheelchairs in a hospital setting: a validation study |
| title_sort | development of toileting behaviour evaluation for japanese older patients using wheelchairs in a hospital setting a validation study |
| topic | Toileting behaviour evaluation Reliability Validity Activities of Daily Living |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-023-04069-9 |
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