| Summary: | Indonesia is one of the largest countries with natural resources wealth scattered on land and at sea. The natural resources wealth owned is beneficial to improve the state economy and the people welfare. The management and the utilization of the natural resources are expected to provide benefits for all people scattered in the territory of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia, including in Southwest Maluku Regency, Maluku Province. Gold mining is the wealth owned by people in Southwest Maluku Regency, precisely in Romang Island. The management and the utilization of the gold mining have not been able to improve the welfare of the people, but instead it creates conflict among actors. The conflict among actors that occurred was caused by differences in interests on gold resources. As the result of the conflict, social relation among the people was broken, and at this level, the possibility of conflict escalation will occur. This research uses qualitative method with case study approach. The purposes of this research are to analyze the conflicts among the actors and the possibility of the conflict escalation. The results of this study indicate that the conflicting actors are the state, the private and the people, while the possibility of conflict escalation is due to the creation of social class structure and the weakening of cohesiveness in the society.
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