The True Nature of Tricalcium Phosphate Used as Food Additive (E341(iii))
Tricalcium phosphate (TCP) is a food additive, labeled E341(iii), used in powdered food preparation, such as baby formula. In the United States, calcium phosphate nano-objects were identified in baby formula extractions. Our goal is to determine whether the TCP food additive, as is used in Europe, c...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Nanomaterials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/13/12/1823 |
| _version_ | 1797593254104924160 |
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| author | Youssef El Moussaoui Hélène Terrisse Sophie Quillard Marie-Hélène Ropers Bernard Humbert |
| author_facet | Youssef El Moussaoui Hélène Terrisse Sophie Quillard Marie-Hélène Ropers Bernard Humbert |
| author_sort | Youssef El Moussaoui |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Tricalcium phosphate (TCP) is a food additive, labeled E341(iii), used in powdered food preparation, such as baby formula. In the United States, calcium phosphate nano-objects were identified in baby formula extractions. Our goal is to determine whether the TCP food additive, as is used in Europe, can be classified as a nanomaterial. The physicochemical properties of TCP were characterized. Three different samples (from a chemical company and two manufacturers) were thoroughly characterized according to the recommendations of the European Food Safety Authority. A commercial TCP food additive was identified as actually being hydroxyapatite (HA). It presents itself in the form of particles of different shapes (either needle-like, rod, or pseudo-spherical), which were demonstrated in this paper to be of a nanometric dimension: E341(iii) is thus a nanomaterial. In water, HA particles sediment rapidly as agglomerates or aggregates over a pH of 6 and are progressively dissolved in acidic media (pH < 5) until the complete dissolution at a pH of 2. Consequently, since TCP may be considered as a nanomaterial on the European market, it raises the question of its potential persistency in the gastrointestinal tract. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:05:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8753b631adbf4a09be39a1ade15dbea9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-4991 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:05:26Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nanomaterials |
| spelling | doaj.art-8753b631adbf4a09be39a1ade15dbea92023-11-18T11:53:22ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912023-06-011312182310.3390/nano13121823The True Nature of Tricalcium Phosphate Used as Food Additive (E341(iii))Youssef El Moussaoui0Hélène Terrisse1Sophie Quillard2Marie-Hélène Ropers3Bernard Humbert4Nantes Université, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux de Nantes Jean Rouxel, IMN, F-44000 Nantes, FranceNantes Université, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux de Nantes Jean Rouxel, IMN, F-44000 Nantes, FranceNantes Université, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux de Nantes Jean Rouxel, IMN, F-44000 Nantes, FranceINRAE, UR1268 Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages, F-44316 Nantes, FranceNantes Université, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux de Nantes Jean Rouxel, IMN, F-44000 Nantes, FranceTricalcium phosphate (TCP) is a food additive, labeled E341(iii), used in powdered food preparation, such as baby formula. In the United States, calcium phosphate nano-objects were identified in baby formula extractions. Our goal is to determine whether the TCP food additive, as is used in Europe, can be classified as a nanomaterial. The physicochemical properties of TCP were characterized. Three different samples (from a chemical company and two manufacturers) were thoroughly characterized according to the recommendations of the European Food Safety Authority. A commercial TCP food additive was identified as actually being hydroxyapatite (HA). It presents itself in the form of particles of different shapes (either needle-like, rod, or pseudo-spherical), which were demonstrated in this paper to be of a nanometric dimension: E341(iii) is thus a nanomaterial. In water, HA particles sediment rapidly as agglomerates or aggregates over a pH of 6 and are progressively dissolved in acidic media (pH < 5) until the complete dissolution at a pH of 2. Consequently, since TCP may be considered as a nanomaterial on the European market, it raises the question of its potential persistency in the gastrointestinal tract.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/13/12/1823hydroxyapatiteE341characterizationtricalcium phosphate food additivenanoparticles |
| spellingShingle | Youssef El Moussaoui Hélène Terrisse Sophie Quillard Marie-Hélène Ropers Bernard Humbert The True Nature of Tricalcium Phosphate Used as Food Additive (E341(iii)) Nanomaterials hydroxyapatite E341 characterization tricalcium phosphate food additive nanoparticles |
| title | The True Nature of Tricalcium Phosphate Used as Food Additive (E341(iii)) |
| title_full | The True Nature of Tricalcium Phosphate Used as Food Additive (E341(iii)) |
| title_fullStr | The True Nature of Tricalcium Phosphate Used as Food Additive (E341(iii)) |
| title_full_unstemmed | The True Nature of Tricalcium Phosphate Used as Food Additive (E341(iii)) |
| title_short | The True Nature of Tricalcium Phosphate Used as Food Additive (E341(iii)) |
| title_sort | true nature of tricalcium phosphate used as food additive e341 iii |
| topic | hydroxyapatite E341 characterization tricalcium phosphate food additive nanoparticles |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/13/12/1823 |
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