Effect of Carbonation on Chloride Maximum Phenomena of Concrete Subjected to Cyclic Wetting–Drying Conditions: A Numerical and Experimental Study
The combined action of chloride and carbonation generally accelerates chloride penetration in concrete. Plenty of studies have revealed a chloride maximum phenomenon in the chloride profiles of concrete under wetting and drying cycles, which affects the accuracy of the service life prediction of con...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-04-01
|
| Series: | Materials |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/8/2874 |
| _version_ | 1797445212142829568 |
|---|---|
| author | Lina Xu Yan Zhang Shuyuan Zhang Shuyuan Fan Honglei Chang |
| author_facet | Lina Xu Yan Zhang Shuyuan Zhang Shuyuan Fan Honglei Chang |
| author_sort | Lina Xu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The combined action of chloride and carbonation generally accelerates chloride penetration in concrete. Plenty of studies have revealed a chloride maximum phenomenon in the chloride profiles of concrete under wetting and drying cycles, which affects the accuracy of the service life prediction of concrete structures. Carbonation is probably one of crucial factors inducing chloride maximum phenomena. To investigate the influence of carbonation on chloride distribution of concrete subjected to cyclic wetting–drying conditions, this study established a numerical model coupling carbonation effect, simulated chloride distribution at different carbonation degrees, and verified the simulation results with experimental results. The results show that a chloride peak appears in all predicted chloride profiles when carbonation effect is taken into account, and the higher the carbonation degree is, the more significant the chloride peak is. This demonstrates that carbonation can enhance the forming of chloride maximum phenomenon under cyclic wetting and drying. Moreover, the calculated results are highly consistent with the experimental results under different carbonation conditions, especially in terms of the peak chloride concentration and the corresponding depth. Furthermore, the significance degree of the chloride maximum phenomenon is closely related to some key parameters, such as <i>CO<sub>2</sub></i> concentration, environmental humidity, and temperature. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:22:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8755d519034d485984f47b7b47ed0a23 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:22:30Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-8755d519034d485984f47b7b47ed0a232023-11-30T21:28:17ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442022-04-01158287410.3390/ma15082874Effect of Carbonation on Chloride Maximum Phenomena of Concrete Subjected to Cyclic Wetting–Drying Conditions: A Numerical and Experimental StudyLina Xu0Yan Zhang1Shuyuan Zhang2Shuyuan Fan3Honglei Chang4Shandong University of Engineering and Vocational Technology, Jinan 250200, ChinaShandong Jinan Rail Design Consulting Co., Ltd., Jinan 250001, ChinaShandong Jinan Rail Design Consulting Co., Ltd., Jinan 250001, ChinaSchool of Qilu Transportation, Shandong University, Jinan 250002, ChinaSchool of Qilu Transportation, Shandong University, Jinan 250002, ChinaThe combined action of chloride and carbonation generally accelerates chloride penetration in concrete. Plenty of studies have revealed a chloride maximum phenomenon in the chloride profiles of concrete under wetting and drying cycles, which affects the accuracy of the service life prediction of concrete structures. Carbonation is probably one of crucial factors inducing chloride maximum phenomena. To investigate the influence of carbonation on chloride distribution of concrete subjected to cyclic wetting–drying conditions, this study established a numerical model coupling carbonation effect, simulated chloride distribution at different carbonation degrees, and verified the simulation results with experimental results. The results show that a chloride peak appears in all predicted chloride profiles when carbonation effect is taken into account, and the higher the carbonation degree is, the more significant the chloride peak is. This demonstrates that carbonation can enhance the forming of chloride maximum phenomenon under cyclic wetting and drying. Moreover, the calculated results are highly consistent with the experimental results under different carbonation conditions, especially in terms of the peak chloride concentration and the corresponding depth. Furthermore, the significance degree of the chloride maximum phenomenon is closely related to some key parameters, such as <i>CO<sub>2</sub></i> concentration, environmental humidity, and temperature.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/8/2874concretechloride distributioncyclic wetting–dryingcarbonationmodeling |
| spellingShingle | Lina Xu Yan Zhang Shuyuan Zhang Shuyuan Fan Honglei Chang Effect of Carbonation on Chloride Maximum Phenomena of Concrete Subjected to Cyclic Wetting–Drying Conditions: A Numerical and Experimental Study Materials concrete chloride distribution cyclic wetting–drying carbonation modeling |
| title | Effect of Carbonation on Chloride Maximum Phenomena of Concrete Subjected to Cyclic Wetting–Drying Conditions: A Numerical and Experimental Study |
| title_full | Effect of Carbonation on Chloride Maximum Phenomena of Concrete Subjected to Cyclic Wetting–Drying Conditions: A Numerical and Experimental Study |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Carbonation on Chloride Maximum Phenomena of Concrete Subjected to Cyclic Wetting–Drying Conditions: A Numerical and Experimental Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Carbonation on Chloride Maximum Phenomena of Concrete Subjected to Cyclic Wetting–Drying Conditions: A Numerical and Experimental Study |
| title_short | Effect of Carbonation on Chloride Maximum Phenomena of Concrete Subjected to Cyclic Wetting–Drying Conditions: A Numerical and Experimental Study |
| title_sort | effect of carbonation on chloride maximum phenomena of concrete subjected to cyclic wetting drying conditions a numerical and experimental study |
| topic | concrete chloride distribution cyclic wetting–drying carbonation modeling |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/8/2874 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT linaxu effectofcarbonationonchloridemaximumphenomenaofconcretesubjectedtocyclicwettingdryingconditionsanumericalandexperimentalstudy AT yanzhang effectofcarbonationonchloridemaximumphenomenaofconcretesubjectedtocyclicwettingdryingconditionsanumericalandexperimentalstudy AT shuyuanzhang effectofcarbonationonchloridemaximumphenomenaofconcretesubjectedtocyclicwettingdryingconditionsanumericalandexperimentalstudy AT shuyuanfan effectofcarbonationonchloridemaximumphenomenaofconcretesubjectedtocyclicwettingdryingconditionsanumericalandexperimentalstudy AT hongleichang effectofcarbonationonchloridemaximumphenomenaofconcretesubjectedtocyclicwettingdryingconditionsanumericalandexperimentalstudy |