<i>Staphylococcus</i>-Induced Bacteriospermia In Vitro: Consequences on the Bovine Spermatozoa Quality, Extracellular Calcium and Magnesium Content
Bacterial contamination of bovine ejaculates intended for artificial insemination may be reflected in a significant economic loss due to unsuccessful fertilization as well as health issues of the recipients. The <i>Staphylococcus</i> genus represents a large part of bacteriocenosis of bo...
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MDPI AG
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/11/3309 |
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| author | Michal Ďuračka Kamila Husarčíková Mikuláš Jančov Lucia Galovičová Miroslava Kačániová Norbert Lukáč Eva Tvrdá |
| author_facet | Michal Ďuračka Kamila Husarčíková Mikuláš Jančov Lucia Galovičová Miroslava Kačániová Norbert Lukáč Eva Tvrdá |
| author_sort | Michal Ďuračka |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Bacterial contamination of bovine ejaculates intended for artificial insemination may be reflected in a significant economic loss due to unsuccessful fertilization as well as health issues of the recipients. The <i>Staphylococcus</i> genus represents a large part of bacteriocenosis of bovine ejaculates. Therefore, this study aims to get a closer look on the effects of <i>Staphylococcus</i>-induced bacteriospermia under in vitro conditions on bovine sperm quality. Prior to inducing bacteriospermia, spermatozoa were separated from each ejaculate using Percoll<sup>®</sup> Plus gradient medium in order to limit the effects only to the selected bacterial species. Seven <i>Staphylococcus</i> species previously isolated from bovine semen were used for our experiments at a turbidity of 0.5 McFarland (equivalent to 1.5 × 10<sup>8</sup> colony-forming units per mL). The contaminated semen samples were incubated at 37 °C and at times of 0, 2, and 4 h, motility, mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, sperm DNA fragmentation, and magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca) extracellular concentration were analyzed and compared with the control group (uncontaminated). The results showed no significant changes at the initial measurement. However, significant adverse effects were observed after 2 h and 4 h of incubation. Most notably, the presence of <i>S. aureus</i>, <i>S. warneri</i>, <i>S. kloosii</i>, and <i>S. cohnii</i> caused a significantly increased ROS production, leading to sperm DNA fragmentation, changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential, and a decreased sperm motility. Furthermore, the presence of <i>Staphylococcus</i> species led to lower extracellular concentrations of Mg and Ca. In conclusion, the overgrowth of <i>Staphylococcus</i> bacteria in bovine semen may contribute to oxidative stress resulting in sperm DNA fragmentation, altered mitochondrial membrane potential, and diminished sperm motility. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:46:14Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:46:14Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-875ef0a292964b47a55052b4a402ea5b2023-11-22T22:08:40ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152021-11-011111330910.3390/ani11113309<i>Staphylococcus</i>-Induced Bacteriospermia In Vitro: Consequences on the Bovine Spermatozoa Quality, Extracellular Calcium and Magnesium ContentMichal Ďuračka0Kamila Husarčíková1Mikuláš Jančov2Lucia Galovičová3Miroslava Kačániová4Norbert Lukáč5Eva Tvrdá6Institute of Applied Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, SlovakiaDepartment of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 16628 Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of Agrisciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědelská 1, 61300 Brno, Czech RepublicInstitute of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, SlovakiaInstitute of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, SlovakiaInstitute of Applied Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, SlovakiaInstitute of Applied Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, SlovakiaBacterial contamination of bovine ejaculates intended for artificial insemination may be reflected in a significant economic loss due to unsuccessful fertilization as well as health issues of the recipients. The <i>Staphylococcus</i> genus represents a large part of bacteriocenosis of bovine ejaculates. Therefore, this study aims to get a closer look on the effects of <i>Staphylococcus</i>-induced bacteriospermia under in vitro conditions on bovine sperm quality. Prior to inducing bacteriospermia, spermatozoa were separated from each ejaculate using Percoll<sup>®</sup> Plus gradient medium in order to limit the effects only to the selected bacterial species. Seven <i>Staphylococcus</i> species previously isolated from bovine semen were used for our experiments at a turbidity of 0.5 McFarland (equivalent to 1.5 × 10<sup>8</sup> colony-forming units per mL). The contaminated semen samples were incubated at 37 °C and at times of 0, 2, and 4 h, motility, mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, sperm DNA fragmentation, and magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca) extracellular concentration were analyzed and compared with the control group (uncontaminated). The results showed no significant changes at the initial measurement. However, significant adverse effects were observed after 2 h and 4 h of incubation. Most notably, the presence of <i>S. aureus</i>, <i>S. warneri</i>, <i>S. kloosii</i>, and <i>S. cohnii</i> caused a significantly increased ROS production, leading to sperm DNA fragmentation, changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential, and a decreased sperm motility. Furthermore, the presence of <i>Staphylococcus</i> species led to lower extracellular concentrations of Mg and Ca. In conclusion, the overgrowth of <i>Staphylococcus</i> bacteria in bovine semen may contribute to oxidative stress resulting in sperm DNA fragmentation, altered mitochondrial membrane potential, and diminished sperm motility.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/11/3309<i>Staphylococcus</i>sperm qualitybull spermbacteriabacterial contaminationoxidative stress |
| spellingShingle | Michal Ďuračka Kamila Husarčíková Mikuláš Jančov Lucia Galovičová Miroslava Kačániová Norbert Lukáč Eva Tvrdá <i>Staphylococcus</i>-Induced Bacteriospermia In Vitro: Consequences on the Bovine Spermatozoa Quality, Extracellular Calcium and Magnesium Content Animals <i>Staphylococcus</i> sperm quality bull sperm bacteria bacterial contamination oxidative stress |
| title | <i>Staphylococcus</i>-Induced Bacteriospermia In Vitro: Consequences on the Bovine Spermatozoa Quality, Extracellular Calcium and Magnesium Content |
| title_full | <i>Staphylococcus</i>-Induced Bacteriospermia In Vitro: Consequences on the Bovine Spermatozoa Quality, Extracellular Calcium and Magnesium Content |
| title_fullStr | <i>Staphylococcus</i>-Induced Bacteriospermia In Vitro: Consequences on the Bovine Spermatozoa Quality, Extracellular Calcium and Magnesium Content |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>Staphylococcus</i>-Induced Bacteriospermia In Vitro: Consequences on the Bovine Spermatozoa Quality, Extracellular Calcium and Magnesium Content |
| title_short | <i>Staphylococcus</i>-Induced Bacteriospermia In Vitro: Consequences on the Bovine Spermatozoa Quality, Extracellular Calcium and Magnesium Content |
| title_sort | i staphylococcus i induced bacteriospermia in vitro consequences on the bovine spermatozoa quality extracellular calcium and magnesium content |
| topic | <i>Staphylococcus</i> sperm quality bull sperm bacteria bacterial contamination oxidative stress |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/11/3309 |
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