Nanodelivery of antiretroviral drugs to nervous tissues
Despite the development of effective combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), the neurocognitive impairments associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remain challenging. The presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCFB) impedes the adequate penetrati...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Pharmacology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2022.1025160/full |
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| author | Sodiq Kolawole Lawal Samuel Oluwaseun Olojede Oluwaseun Samuel Faborode Oluwaseun Samuel Faborode Okikioluwa Stephen Aladeyelu Matome Nadab Matshipi Sheu Oluwadare Sulaiman Sheu Oluwadare Sulaiman Edwin Coleridge Stephen Naidu Carmen Olivia Rennie Onyemaechi Okpara Azu |
| author_facet | Sodiq Kolawole Lawal Samuel Oluwaseun Olojede Oluwaseun Samuel Faborode Oluwaseun Samuel Faborode Okikioluwa Stephen Aladeyelu Matome Nadab Matshipi Sheu Oluwadare Sulaiman Sheu Oluwadare Sulaiman Edwin Coleridge Stephen Naidu Carmen Olivia Rennie Onyemaechi Okpara Azu |
| author_sort | Sodiq Kolawole Lawal |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Despite the development of effective combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), the neurocognitive impairments associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remain challenging. The presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCFB) impedes the adequate penetration of certain antiretroviral drugs into the brain. In addition, reports have shown that some antiretroviral drugs cause neurotoxicity resulting from their interaction with nervous tissues due to long-term systemic exposure. Therefore, the research into the effective therapeutic modality that would cater for the HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) and ART toxicity is now receiving broad research attention. Thus, this review explores the latest information in managing HAND using a nanoparticle drug delivery system (NDDS). We discussed the neurotoxicity profile of various approved ART. Also, we explained the applications of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in medicine, their different synthesis methods and their interaction with nervous tissues. Lastly, while proposing AgNPs as useful nanoparticles in properly delivering ART to enhance effectiveness and minimize neurocognitive disorders, we hypothesize that the perceived toxicity of AgNPs could be minimized by taking appropriate precautions. One such precaution is using appropriate reducing and stabilizing agents such as trisodium citrate to reduce silver ion Ag + to ground state Ag0 during the synthesis. Also, the usage of medium-sized, spherical-shaped AgNPs is encouraged in AgNPs-based drug delivery to the brain due to their ability to deliver therapeutic agents across BBB. In addition, characterization and functionalization of the synthesized AgNPs are required during the drug delivery approach. Putting all these factors in place would minimize toxicity and enhance the usage of AgNPs in delivering therapeutic agents across the BBB to the targeted brain tissue and could cater for the HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders and neurotoxic effects of antiretroviral drugs (ARDs). |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T17:44:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-87617fa2eeec4bc9b08c7fb9dad14144 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1663-9812 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T17:44:30Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Pharmacology |
| spelling | doaj.art-87617fa2eeec4bc9b08c7fb9dad141442022-12-22T04:11:25ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Pharmacology1663-98122022-11-011310.3389/fphar.2022.10251601025160Nanodelivery of antiretroviral drugs to nervous tissuesSodiq Kolawole Lawal0Samuel Oluwaseun Olojede1Oluwaseun Samuel Faborode2Oluwaseun Samuel Faborode3Okikioluwa Stephen Aladeyelu4Matome Nadab Matshipi5Sheu Oluwadare Sulaiman6Sheu Oluwadare Sulaiman7Edwin Coleridge Stephen Naidu8Carmen Olivia Rennie9Onyemaechi Okpara Azu10Discipline of Clinical Anatomy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South AfricaDiscipline of Clinical Anatomy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South AfricaDepartment of Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South AfricaDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Bingham University, Karu, Nasarawa State, NigeriaDiscipline of Clinical Anatomy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South AfricaDiscipline of Clinical Anatomy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South AfricaDepartment of Physiology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Huye, RwandaGraduate Program in Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, BrazilDiscipline of Clinical Anatomy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South AfricaDiscipline of Clinical Anatomy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South AfricaDepartment of Human, Biological and Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Hage Geingob Campus, University of Namibia, Windhoek, NamibiaDespite the development of effective combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), the neurocognitive impairments associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remain challenging. The presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCFB) impedes the adequate penetration of certain antiretroviral drugs into the brain. In addition, reports have shown that some antiretroviral drugs cause neurotoxicity resulting from their interaction with nervous tissues due to long-term systemic exposure. Therefore, the research into the effective therapeutic modality that would cater for the HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) and ART toxicity is now receiving broad research attention. Thus, this review explores the latest information in managing HAND using a nanoparticle drug delivery system (NDDS). We discussed the neurotoxicity profile of various approved ART. Also, we explained the applications of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in medicine, their different synthesis methods and their interaction with nervous tissues. Lastly, while proposing AgNPs as useful nanoparticles in properly delivering ART to enhance effectiveness and minimize neurocognitive disorders, we hypothesize that the perceived toxicity of AgNPs could be minimized by taking appropriate precautions. One such precaution is using appropriate reducing and stabilizing agents such as trisodium citrate to reduce silver ion Ag + to ground state Ag0 during the synthesis. Also, the usage of medium-sized, spherical-shaped AgNPs is encouraged in AgNPs-based drug delivery to the brain due to their ability to deliver therapeutic agents across BBB. In addition, characterization and functionalization of the synthesized AgNPs are required during the drug delivery approach. Putting all these factors in place would minimize toxicity and enhance the usage of AgNPs in delivering therapeutic agents across the BBB to the targeted brain tissue and could cater for the HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders and neurotoxic effects of antiretroviral drugs (ARDs).https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2022.1025160/fullhuman immunodeficiency virusblood-brain barrierneurological disorderssilver nanoparticlesmetabolic disorder |
| spellingShingle | Sodiq Kolawole Lawal Samuel Oluwaseun Olojede Oluwaseun Samuel Faborode Oluwaseun Samuel Faborode Okikioluwa Stephen Aladeyelu Matome Nadab Matshipi Sheu Oluwadare Sulaiman Sheu Oluwadare Sulaiman Edwin Coleridge Stephen Naidu Carmen Olivia Rennie Onyemaechi Okpara Azu Nanodelivery of antiretroviral drugs to nervous tissues Frontiers in Pharmacology human immunodeficiency virus blood-brain barrier neurological disorders silver nanoparticles metabolic disorder |
| title | Nanodelivery of antiretroviral drugs to nervous tissues |
| title_full | Nanodelivery of antiretroviral drugs to nervous tissues |
| title_fullStr | Nanodelivery of antiretroviral drugs to nervous tissues |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nanodelivery of antiretroviral drugs to nervous tissues |
| title_short | Nanodelivery of antiretroviral drugs to nervous tissues |
| title_sort | nanodelivery of antiretroviral drugs to nervous tissues |
| topic | human immunodeficiency virus blood-brain barrier neurological disorders silver nanoparticles metabolic disorder |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2022.1025160/full |
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