Biochemical Markers of Renal Hypoperfusion, Hemoconcentration, and Proteinuria after Extreme Physical Exercise
<i>Background and Objectives:</i> Physical exercise increases the blood perfusion of muscles, but decreases the renal blood flow. There are several markers of renal hypoperfusion which are used in the differential diagnosis of acute kidney failure. Albuminuria is observed after almost an...
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MDPI AG
2019-05-01
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| Series: | Medicina |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1010-660X/55/5/154 |
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| author | Wojciech Wołyniec Katarzyna Kasprowicz Patrycja Rita-Tkachenko Marcin Renke Wojciech Ratkowski |
| author_facet | Wojciech Wołyniec Katarzyna Kasprowicz Patrycja Rita-Tkachenko Marcin Renke Wojciech Ratkowski |
| author_sort | Wojciech Wołyniec |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Background and Objectives:</i> Physical exercise increases the blood perfusion of muscles, but decreases the renal blood flow. There are several markers of renal hypoperfusion which are used in the differential diagnosis of acute kidney failure. Albuminuria is observed after almost any exercise. The aim of this study was to assess changes in renal hypoperfusion and albuminuria after a 100-km race. <i>Materials and Methods:</i> A total of 27 males who finished a 100-km run were studied. The mean age of the runners was 38.04 ± 5.64 years. The exclusion criteria were a history of kidney disease, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) <60 ml/min, and proteinuria. Blood and urine were collected before and after the race. The urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR), fractional excretion of urea (FeUrea) and sodium (FeNa), plasma urea/creatinine ratio (sUrea/Cr), urine/plasma creatinine ratio (u/pCr), urinary sodium to potassium ratio (uNa/K), and urinary potassium to urinary potassium plus sodium ratio (uK/(K+Na)) were calculated. <i>Results:</i> After the race, significant changes in albuminuria and markers of renal hypoperfusion (FeNa, FeUrea, sUrea/Cr, u/sCr, urinary Na, uNa/K, uK/(K+Na)) were found. Fifteen runners (55.56%) had severe renal hypoperfusion (FeUrea <35, uNa/K <1, and uK/(Na+K) >0.5) after the race. The mean ACR increased from 6.28 ± 3.84 mg/g to 48.43 ± 51.64 mg/g (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The ACR was higher in the group with severe renal hypoperfusion (59.42 ± 59.86 vs. 34.68 ± 37.04 mg/g), but without statistical significance. <i>Conclusions:</i> More than 50% of the runners had severe renal hypoperfusion after extreme exercise. Changes in renal hemodynamics are probably an important, but not the only, factor of post-exercise proteinuria. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T11:12:43Z |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T11:12:43Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-8769dd1a810e41eca877f2804c41921e2023-09-02T02:31:42ZengMDPI AGMedicina1010-660X2019-05-0155515410.3390/medicina55050154medicina55050154Biochemical Markers of Renal Hypoperfusion, Hemoconcentration, and Proteinuria after Extreme Physical ExerciseWojciech Wołyniec0Katarzyna Kasprowicz1Patrycja Rita-Tkachenko2Marcin Renke3Wojciech Ratkowski4Department of Occupational, Metabolic and Internal Medicine, Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, 81-519 Gdynia, Medical University of Gdańsk, PolandDepartment of Physiology, Gdańsk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdańsk, PolandMedical Laboratories Bruss Group ALAB, 81-519 Gdynia, PolandDepartment of Occupational, Metabolic and Internal Medicine, Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, 81-519 Gdynia, Medical University of Gdańsk, PolandDepartment of Athletics, Gdańsk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdańsk, Poland<i>Background and Objectives:</i> Physical exercise increases the blood perfusion of muscles, but decreases the renal blood flow. There are several markers of renal hypoperfusion which are used in the differential diagnosis of acute kidney failure. Albuminuria is observed after almost any exercise. The aim of this study was to assess changes in renal hypoperfusion and albuminuria after a 100-km race. <i>Materials and Methods:</i> A total of 27 males who finished a 100-km run were studied. The mean age of the runners was 38.04 ± 5.64 years. The exclusion criteria were a history of kidney disease, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) <60 ml/min, and proteinuria. Blood and urine were collected before and after the race. The urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR), fractional excretion of urea (FeUrea) and sodium (FeNa), plasma urea/creatinine ratio (sUrea/Cr), urine/plasma creatinine ratio (u/pCr), urinary sodium to potassium ratio (uNa/K), and urinary potassium to urinary potassium plus sodium ratio (uK/(K+Na)) were calculated. <i>Results:</i> After the race, significant changes in albuminuria and markers of renal hypoperfusion (FeNa, FeUrea, sUrea/Cr, u/sCr, urinary Na, uNa/K, uK/(K+Na)) were found. Fifteen runners (55.56%) had severe renal hypoperfusion (FeUrea <35, uNa/K <1, and uK/(Na+K) >0.5) after the race. The mean ACR increased from 6.28 ± 3.84 mg/g to 48.43 ± 51.64 mg/g (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The ACR was higher in the group with severe renal hypoperfusion (59.42 ± 59.86 vs. 34.68 ± 37.04 mg/g), but without statistical significance. <i>Conclusions:</i> More than 50% of the runners had severe renal hypoperfusion after extreme exercise. Changes in renal hemodynamics are probably an important, but not the only, factor of post-exercise proteinuria.https://www.mdpi.com/1010-660X/55/5/154albuminuriaacute kidney injuryfiltration fractionrenal blood flowhemoconcentrationchronic kidney disease |
| spellingShingle | Wojciech Wołyniec Katarzyna Kasprowicz Patrycja Rita-Tkachenko Marcin Renke Wojciech Ratkowski Biochemical Markers of Renal Hypoperfusion, Hemoconcentration, and Proteinuria after Extreme Physical Exercise Medicina albuminuria acute kidney injury filtration fraction renal blood flow hemoconcentration chronic kidney disease |
| title | Biochemical Markers of Renal Hypoperfusion, Hemoconcentration, and Proteinuria after Extreme Physical Exercise |
| title_full | Biochemical Markers of Renal Hypoperfusion, Hemoconcentration, and Proteinuria after Extreme Physical Exercise |
| title_fullStr | Biochemical Markers of Renal Hypoperfusion, Hemoconcentration, and Proteinuria after Extreme Physical Exercise |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biochemical Markers of Renal Hypoperfusion, Hemoconcentration, and Proteinuria after Extreme Physical Exercise |
| title_short | Biochemical Markers of Renal Hypoperfusion, Hemoconcentration, and Proteinuria after Extreme Physical Exercise |
| title_sort | biochemical markers of renal hypoperfusion hemoconcentration and proteinuria after extreme physical exercise |
| topic | albuminuria acute kidney injury filtration fraction renal blood flow hemoconcentration chronic kidney disease |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1010-660X/55/5/154 |
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