Identification and Characterization of the Detoxification Genes Based on the Transcriptome of <i>Tomicus yunnanensis</i>
Bark beetle, as a trunk borer, has caused a large number of tree deaths and seriously damaged the mountain forest ecosystem. Bark beetles oxidize the secondary metabolites of plants, degrade them, and excrete them from the body or convert them into components needed by the body. This process is comp...
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| author | Wen Li Bin Yang Naiyong Liu Jiaying Zhu Zongbo Li Sangzi Ze Jinde Yu Ning Zhao |
| author_facet | Wen Li Bin Yang Naiyong Liu Jiaying Zhu Zongbo Li Sangzi Ze Jinde Yu Ning Zhao |
| author_sort | Wen Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Bark beetle, as a trunk borer, has caused a large number of tree deaths and seriously damaged the mountain forest ecosystem. Bark beetles oxidize the secondary metabolites of plants, degrade them, and excrete them from the body or convert them into components needed by the body. This process is completed by the cooperation of CYPs, GSTs, and CCEs and occurs in different tissues of the insects, including the gut (i.e., the part where beetle pheromone is produced and accumulated) and antennae (i.e., the olfactory organ used to sense defensive monoterpenes and other plant-related compounds and pheromones in the air). In this study, we identified and characterized three gene superfamilies of CYPs, GSTs, and CCEs involved in the detoxification of endobiotics (e.g., hormones and steroids) and xenobiotics (e.g., insecticides, sex pheromones, and plant allelochemicals) through a combination approach of bioinformatics, phylogenetics, and expression profiles. Transcriptome analyses led to the identification of 113 transcripts encoding 51 P450s, 33 GSTs, and 29 CCEs from <i>Tomicus yunnanensis</i> Kirkendall and Faccoli, 2008 (Coleoptera, Scolytinae). The P450s of <i>T. yunnanensis</i> were phylogenetically classified into four clades, representing the majority of the genes in the CYP3 clan. The CCEs from <i>T. yunnanensis</i> were separately grouped into five clades, and the GST superfamily was assigned to five clades. Expression profiles revealed that the detoxification genes were broadly expressed in various tissues as an implication of functional diversities. Our current study has complemented the resources for the detoxification genes in the family Coleoptera and allows for functional experiments to identify candidate molecular targets involved in degrading plants’ secondary metabolites, providing a theoretical basis for insect resistance in mixed forests. |
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| spelling | doaj.art-87700df21dac4fb4bc77ec1b4f6f92ef2023-11-23T13:30:48ZengMDPI AGDiversity1424-28182021-12-011412310.3390/d14010023Identification and Characterization of the Detoxification Genes Based on the Transcriptome of <i>Tomicus yunnanensis</i>Wen Li0Bin Yang1Naiyong Liu2Jiaying Zhu3Zongbo Li4Sangzi Ze5Jinde Yu6Ning Zhao7College of Life Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, ChinaKey Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control of Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, ChinaKey Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control of Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, ChinaKey Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control of Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, ChinaKey Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control of Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, ChinaYunnan Forestry and Grassland Pest Control and Quarantine Bureau, Kunming 650051, ChinaCollege of Life Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, ChinaCollege of Life Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, ChinaBark beetle, as a trunk borer, has caused a large number of tree deaths and seriously damaged the mountain forest ecosystem. Bark beetles oxidize the secondary metabolites of plants, degrade them, and excrete them from the body or convert them into components needed by the body. This process is completed by the cooperation of CYPs, GSTs, and CCEs and occurs in different tissues of the insects, including the gut (i.e., the part where beetle pheromone is produced and accumulated) and antennae (i.e., the olfactory organ used to sense defensive monoterpenes and other plant-related compounds and pheromones in the air). In this study, we identified and characterized three gene superfamilies of CYPs, GSTs, and CCEs involved in the detoxification of endobiotics (e.g., hormones and steroids) and xenobiotics (e.g., insecticides, sex pheromones, and plant allelochemicals) through a combination approach of bioinformatics, phylogenetics, and expression profiles. Transcriptome analyses led to the identification of 113 transcripts encoding 51 P450s, 33 GSTs, and 29 CCEs from <i>Tomicus yunnanensis</i> Kirkendall and Faccoli, 2008 (Coleoptera, Scolytinae). The P450s of <i>T. yunnanensis</i> were phylogenetically classified into four clades, representing the majority of the genes in the CYP3 clan. The CCEs from <i>T. yunnanensis</i> were separately grouped into five clades, and the GST superfamily was assigned to five clades. Expression profiles revealed that the detoxification genes were broadly expressed in various tissues as an implication of functional diversities. Our current study has complemented the resources for the detoxification genes in the family Coleoptera and allows for functional experiments to identify candidate molecular targets involved in degrading plants’ secondary metabolites, providing a theoretical basis for insect resistance in mixed forests.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/14/1/23cytochrome P450glutathione S-transferasecarboxylesterasesbark beetlesgene expression |
| spellingShingle | Wen Li Bin Yang Naiyong Liu Jiaying Zhu Zongbo Li Sangzi Ze Jinde Yu Ning Zhao Identification and Characterization of the Detoxification Genes Based on the Transcriptome of <i>Tomicus yunnanensis</i> Diversity cytochrome P450 glutathione S-transferase carboxylesterases bark beetles gene expression |
| title | Identification and Characterization of the Detoxification Genes Based on the Transcriptome of <i>Tomicus yunnanensis</i> |
| title_full | Identification and Characterization of the Detoxification Genes Based on the Transcriptome of <i>Tomicus yunnanensis</i> |
| title_fullStr | Identification and Characterization of the Detoxification Genes Based on the Transcriptome of <i>Tomicus yunnanensis</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Identification and Characterization of the Detoxification Genes Based on the Transcriptome of <i>Tomicus yunnanensis</i> |
| title_short | Identification and Characterization of the Detoxification Genes Based on the Transcriptome of <i>Tomicus yunnanensis</i> |
| title_sort | identification and characterization of the detoxification genes based on the transcriptome of i tomicus yunnanensis i |
| topic | cytochrome P450 glutathione S-transferase carboxylesterases bark beetles gene expression |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/14/1/23 |
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