Effects of Increasing Levels of Palm Kernel Oil in the Feed of Finishing Lambs
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the inclusion of palm kernel oil (PKO) in a lamb diet on nutrient intake, digestibility, ingestive behavior, nitrogen balance, blood metabolites, rumen fermentation parameters, and animal performance. Three experimental trials were conducted. The...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/4/427 |
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| author | Daniela Pionorio Vilaronga Castro Paulo Roberto Silveira Pimentel Jarbas Miguel da Silva Júnior Gercino Ferreira Virgínio Júnior Ederson Américo de Andrade Analívia Martins Barbosa Elzânia Sales Pereira Claudio Vaz Di Mambro Ribeiro Leilson Rocha Bezerra Ronaldo Lopes Oliveira |
| author_facet | Daniela Pionorio Vilaronga Castro Paulo Roberto Silveira Pimentel Jarbas Miguel da Silva Júnior Gercino Ferreira Virgínio Júnior Ederson Américo de Andrade Analívia Martins Barbosa Elzânia Sales Pereira Claudio Vaz Di Mambro Ribeiro Leilson Rocha Bezerra Ronaldo Lopes Oliveira |
| author_sort | Daniela Pionorio Vilaronga Castro |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the inclusion of palm kernel oil (PKO) in a lamb diet on nutrient intake, digestibility, ingestive behavior, nitrogen balance, blood metabolites, rumen fermentation parameters, and animal performance. Three experimental trials were conducted. The treatments consisted of varying levels of PKO included in the diet, with PKO<sub>zero</sub> = no PKO inclusion, PKO<sub>1.3</sub> = 1.3% addition, PKO<sub>2.6</sub> = 2.6% addition, PKO<sub>3.9</sub> = 3.9% addition, and PKO<sub>5.2</sub> = 5.2% addition, based on the total dry matter (DM) of the diet. With the inclusion of PKO in the diet, linear decreases in DM (<i>p</i> < 0.001), crude ash (<i>p</i> < 0.001), crude protein (CP) (<i>p</i> < 0.001), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (<i>p</i> < 0.001), nonfibrous carbohydrate (NFC) (<i>p</i> < 0.001), and total digestible nutrient (TDN) (<i>p =</i> 0.021) intake were observed, as was an increase in ether extract (EE) intake (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The digestibility coefficients of NDF and NFC were not affected by PKO addition to the diet. However, the digestibility of DM (<i>p =</i> 0.035), EE (<i>p</i> < 0.001), CP (<i>p</i> < 0.001), and TDNs (<i>p</i> < 0.001) increased when PKO was added to the lambs’ diet. Reductions in N intake (<i>p</i> < 0.001), fecal nitrogen excretion (<i>p</i> < 0.001), and microbial protein production (<i>p</i> < 0.001) were noted with increasing PKO levels. Serum cholesterol increased (<i>p</i> < 0.001) while serum GGT enzyme concentrations in the blood decreased (<i>p =</i> 0.048) with increasing PKO levels. PKO addition had no effect on total weight gain and average daily gain; however, feed conversion improved (<i>p =</i> 0.001) with increasing PKO levels. The intake, digestibility, ingestive behavior, and growth performance of lambs with PKO<sub>1.3</sub> added to their diet were similar to animals that did not receive PKO, meaning that PKO could be an alternative energy source for growing lambs because it does not harm animal performance and can lower the cost of feed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:48:32Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-87776d028acf49688bc97af33cf729e6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:48:32Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-87776d028acf49688bc97af33cf729e62023-11-23T18:24:55ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152022-02-0112442710.3390/ani12040427Effects of Increasing Levels of Palm Kernel Oil in the Feed of Finishing LambsDaniela Pionorio Vilaronga Castro0Paulo Roberto Silveira Pimentel1Jarbas Miguel da Silva Júnior2Gercino Ferreira Virgínio Júnior3Ederson Américo de Andrade4Analívia Martins Barbosa5Elzânia Sales Pereira6Claudio Vaz Di Mambro Ribeiro7Leilson Rocha Bezerra8Ronaldo Lopes Oliveira9Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170110, BA, BrazilDepartment of Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170110, BA, BrazilDepartment of Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170110, BA, BrazilDepartment of Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170110, BA, BrazilDepartment of Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170110, BA, BrazilDepartment of Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170110, BA, BrazilDepartment of Animal Science, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza 60021970, CE, BrazilDepartment of Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170110, BA, BrazilDepartment of Animal Science, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos 58708110, PB, BrazilDepartment of Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170110, BA, BrazilThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the inclusion of palm kernel oil (PKO) in a lamb diet on nutrient intake, digestibility, ingestive behavior, nitrogen balance, blood metabolites, rumen fermentation parameters, and animal performance. Three experimental trials were conducted. The treatments consisted of varying levels of PKO included in the diet, with PKO<sub>zero</sub> = no PKO inclusion, PKO<sub>1.3</sub> = 1.3% addition, PKO<sub>2.6</sub> = 2.6% addition, PKO<sub>3.9</sub> = 3.9% addition, and PKO<sub>5.2</sub> = 5.2% addition, based on the total dry matter (DM) of the diet. With the inclusion of PKO in the diet, linear decreases in DM (<i>p</i> < 0.001), crude ash (<i>p</i> < 0.001), crude protein (CP) (<i>p</i> < 0.001), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (<i>p</i> < 0.001), nonfibrous carbohydrate (NFC) (<i>p</i> < 0.001), and total digestible nutrient (TDN) (<i>p =</i> 0.021) intake were observed, as was an increase in ether extract (EE) intake (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The digestibility coefficients of NDF and NFC were not affected by PKO addition to the diet. However, the digestibility of DM (<i>p =</i> 0.035), EE (<i>p</i> < 0.001), CP (<i>p</i> < 0.001), and TDNs (<i>p</i> < 0.001) increased when PKO was added to the lambs’ diet. Reductions in N intake (<i>p</i> < 0.001), fecal nitrogen excretion (<i>p</i> < 0.001), and microbial protein production (<i>p</i> < 0.001) were noted with increasing PKO levels. Serum cholesterol increased (<i>p</i> < 0.001) while serum GGT enzyme concentrations in the blood decreased (<i>p =</i> 0.048) with increasing PKO levels. PKO addition had no effect on total weight gain and average daily gain; however, feed conversion improved (<i>p =</i> 0.001) with increasing PKO levels. The intake, digestibility, ingestive behavior, and growth performance of lambs with PKO<sub>1.3</sub> added to their diet were similar to animals that did not receive PKO, meaning that PKO could be an alternative energy source for growing lambs because it does not harm animal performance and can lower the cost of feed.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/4/427crude proteinlauric acidruminal protozoa |
| spellingShingle | Daniela Pionorio Vilaronga Castro Paulo Roberto Silveira Pimentel Jarbas Miguel da Silva Júnior Gercino Ferreira Virgínio Júnior Ederson Américo de Andrade Analívia Martins Barbosa Elzânia Sales Pereira Claudio Vaz Di Mambro Ribeiro Leilson Rocha Bezerra Ronaldo Lopes Oliveira Effects of Increasing Levels of Palm Kernel Oil in the Feed of Finishing Lambs Animals crude protein lauric acid ruminal protozoa |
| title | Effects of Increasing Levels of Palm Kernel Oil in the Feed of Finishing Lambs |
| title_full | Effects of Increasing Levels of Palm Kernel Oil in the Feed of Finishing Lambs |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Increasing Levels of Palm Kernel Oil in the Feed of Finishing Lambs |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Increasing Levels of Palm Kernel Oil in the Feed of Finishing Lambs |
| title_short | Effects of Increasing Levels of Palm Kernel Oil in the Feed of Finishing Lambs |
| title_sort | effects of increasing levels of palm kernel oil in the feed of finishing lambs |
| topic | crude protein lauric acid ruminal protozoa |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/4/427 |
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