Serum Level of Protein-Bound Uraemic Toxins in Haemodialysis Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease-Associated Pruritus: Myths and Facts

Recent studies place great importance on Protein-Bound Uraemic Toxins (PBUT) in the context of etiopathogenesis of chronic kidney disease-associated pruritus (CKD-aP). This study aimed to investigate the possible contribution of free and total Indoxyl Sulfate (IS) and p-Cresol Sulfate (PCS) to the c...

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Main Authors: Karolina Świerczyńska-Mróz, Danuta Nowicka-Suszko, Mariusz G. Fleszar, Paulina Fortuna, Piotr K. Krajewski, Magdalena Krajewska, Rafał Białynicki-Birula, Jacek C. Szepietowski
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2023-03-01
Series:Journal of Clinical Medicine
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/6/2310
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author Karolina Świerczyńska-Mróz
Danuta Nowicka-Suszko
Mariusz G. Fleszar
Paulina Fortuna
Piotr K. Krajewski
Magdalena Krajewska
Rafał Białynicki-Birula
Jacek C. Szepietowski
author_facet Karolina Świerczyńska-Mróz
Danuta Nowicka-Suszko
Mariusz G. Fleszar
Paulina Fortuna
Piotr K. Krajewski
Magdalena Krajewska
Rafał Białynicki-Birula
Jacek C. Szepietowski
author_sort Karolina Świerczyńska-Mróz
collection DOAJ
description Recent studies place great importance on Protein-Bound Uraemic Toxins (PBUT) in the context of etiopathogenesis of chronic kidney disease-associated pruritus (CKD-aP). This study aimed to investigate the possible contribution of free and total Indoxyl Sulfate (IS) and p-Cresol Sulfate (PCS) to the cause of CKD-aP. Group A included 64 patients on maintenance haemodialysis (HD) with CKD-aP. Group B included 62 patients on maintenance HD that did not report CKD-aP, and group C included 50 healthy controls. Pruritus severity was assessed using a Numerical Rating Scale (NRS). Moreover, other tools like UP-Dial, ItchyQoL, and the 4-Item Itch Questionnaire evaluating CKD-aP were completed by the patients. The serum levels of free and total IS and PCS concentrations were measured using the Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography System. No significant difference in the serum level of free and total IS, or PCS, was observed between the patients who reported CKD-aP and those without pruritus. Moreover, there was no correlation between serum IS or PCS levels and the severity of the itch. Our study does not support earlier findings about higher levels of IS and PCS in patients reporting CKD-aP. Further studies will be needed to investigate these discrepancies as well as to understand the cause of CKD-aP.
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spelling doaj.art-877cb39f7ea446778079c20d4c6a18732023-11-17T11:51:06ZengMDPI AGJournal of Clinical Medicine2077-03832023-03-01126231010.3390/jcm12062310Serum Level of Protein-Bound Uraemic Toxins in Haemodialysis Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease-Associated Pruritus: Myths and FactsKarolina Świerczyńska-Mróz0Danuta Nowicka-Suszko1Mariusz G. Fleszar2Paulina Fortuna3Piotr K. Krajewski4Magdalena Krajewska5Rafał Białynicki-Birula6Jacek C. Szepietowski7Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, PolandDepartment of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, PolandDepartment of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, PolandDepartment of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, PolandDepartment of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, PolandDepartment of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, PolandDepartment of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, PolandDepartment of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, PolandRecent studies place great importance on Protein-Bound Uraemic Toxins (PBUT) in the context of etiopathogenesis of chronic kidney disease-associated pruritus (CKD-aP). This study aimed to investigate the possible contribution of free and total Indoxyl Sulfate (IS) and p-Cresol Sulfate (PCS) to the cause of CKD-aP. Group A included 64 patients on maintenance haemodialysis (HD) with CKD-aP. Group B included 62 patients on maintenance HD that did not report CKD-aP, and group C included 50 healthy controls. Pruritus severity was assessed using a Numerical Rating Scale (NRS). Moreover, other tools like UP-Dial, ItchyQoL, and the 4-Item Itch Questionnaire evaluating CKD-aP were completed by the patients. The serum levels of free and total IS and PCS concentrations were measured using the Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography System. No significant difference in the serum level of free and total IS, or PCS, was observed between the patients who reported CKD-aP and those without pruritus. Moreover, there was no correlation between serum IS or PCS levels and the severity of the itch. Our study does not support earlier findings about higher levels of IS and PCS in patients reporting CKD-aP. Further studies will be needed to investigate these discrepancies as well as to understand the cause of CKD-aP.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/6/2310protein-bound uraemic toxinsindoxyl sulfatep-Cresol sulfatechronic-kidney-disease-associated pruritushaemodialysis patients
spellingShingle Karolina Świerczyńska-Mróz
Danuta Nowicka-Suszko
Mariusz G. Fleszar
Paulina Fortuna
Piotr K. Krajewski
Magdalena Krajewska
Rafał Białynicki-Birula
Jacek C. Szepietowski
Serum Level of Protein-Bound Uraemic Toxins in Haemodialysis Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease-Associated Pruritus: Myths and Facts
Journal of Clinical Medicine
protein-bound uraemic toxins
indoxyl sulfate
p-Cresol sulfate
chronic-kidney-disease-associated pruritus
haemodialysis patients
title Serum Level of Protein-Bound Uraemic Toxins in Haemodialysis Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease-Associated Pruritus: Myths and Facts
title_full Serum Level of Protein-Bound Uraemic Toxins in Haemodialysis Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease-Associated Pruritus: Myths and Facts
title_fullStr Serum Level of Protein-Bound Uraemic Toxins in Haemodialysis Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease-Associated Pruritus: Myths and Facts
title_full_unstemmed Serum Level of Protein-Bound Uraemic Toxins in Haemodialysis Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease-Associated Pruritus: Myths and Facts
title_short Serum Level of Protein-Bound Uraemic Toxins in Haemodialysis Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease-Associated Pruritus: Myths and Facts
title_sort serum level of protein bound uraemic toxins in haemodialysis patients with chronic kidney disease associated pruritus myths and facts
topic protein-bound uraemic toxins
indoxyl sulfate
p-Cresol sulfate
chronic-kidney-disease-associated pruritus
haemodialysis patients
url https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/6/2310
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