COVID-19 Testing Practices, Preventive Behaviors, and Factors Associated With Test Positivity: Population-Based Statewide Survey Study
BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has challenged public health efforts globally. Timely population-based surveillance is crucial to support public health programs and policies to limit the spread of COVID-19. The South Carolina (SC) Sampling and Testing Representative Outreach...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
JMIR Publications
2023-04-01
|
| Series: | JMIR Public Health and Surveillance |
| Online Access: | https://publichealth.jmir.org/2023/1/e34579 |
| _version_ | 1797734176272678912 |
|---|---|
| author | Mufaro Kanyangarara Virginie Daguise Lídia Gual-Gonzalez Alain H Litwin Jeffrey Korte Connor Ross Melissa S Nolan |
| author_facet | Mufaro Kanyangarara Virginie Daguise Lídia Gual-Gonzalez Alain H Litwin Jeffrey Korte Connor Ross Melissa S Nolan |
| author_sort | Mufaro Kanyangarara |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description |
BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has challenged public health efforts globally. Timely population-based surveillance is crucial to support public health programs and policies to limit the spread of COVID-19. The South Carolina (SC) Sampling and Testing Representative Outreach for Novel Coronavirus Guidance (SC STRONG) statewide initiative was established to estimate population-level prevalence and immunity and characterize the transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 using community testing and online surveys.
ObjectiveThis paper aimed to leverage the survey data collected as part of the initiative to understand risk perceptions, testing practices, and preventive behaviors and identify risk factors for COVID-19 test positivity in SC over time.
MethodsProbability proportionate to size cluster random sampling was used to select SC residents to participate in testing for COVID-19 infection and antibodies and to complete an online survey. This paper focuses on data from the online surveys completed between November 2020 and June 2021. Descriptive statistics were used to describe risk perceptions, attitudes and behaviors, and associated changes over time. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with self-reported COVID-19 test positivity.
ResultsAmong the 7170 online survey respondents, 58.7% (4213/7170) self-reported ever testing for COVID-19. The most commonly cited barriers to testing were inconvenient dates, time, and location, as well as discomfort. Overall, 18.7% (790/7170) of respondents reported a history of COVID-19 test positivity. Multivariate logistic regression results indicated that individuals who were aged 50 years or older, self-identified as Black/African American, were obese, and were employed as frontline health care workers or nursing home staff were more likely to self-report COVID-19 test positivity. By contrast, there was a decreased likelihood of test positivity among respondents who were concerned about the burden of COVID-19 in their community and about being infected.
ConclusionsStrategies to remove testing barriers should be implemented to improve access. Our findings provide insights on statewide testing patterns, adoption of prevention behaviors, and risk factors for infection and may inform public health strategies to curb transmission. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T12:39:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8786e89f4b7d48cca36042a094d94dd5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2369-2960 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T12:39:28Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | JMIR Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | JMIR Public Health and Surveillance |
| spelling | doaj.art-8786e89f4b7d48cca36042a094d94dd52023-08-28T23:55:14ZengJMIR PublicationsJMIR Public Health and Surveillance2369-29602023-04-019e3457910.2196/34579COVID-19 Testing Practices, Preventive Behaviors, and Factors Associated With Test Positivity: Population-Based Statewide Survey StudyMufaro Kanyangararahttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1367-1546Virginie Daguisehttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7159-3101Lídia Gual-Gonzalezhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9459-3713Alain H Litwinhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6717-0288Jeffrey Kortehttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7369-9228Connor Rosshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5344-4241Melissa S Nolanhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8579-5372 BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has challenged public health efforts globally. Timely population-based surveillance is crucial to support public health programs and policies to limit the spread of COVID-19. The South Carolina (SC) Sampling and Testing Representative Outreach for Novel Coronavirus Guidance (SC STRONG) statewide initiative was established to estimate population-level prevalence and immunity and characterize the transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 using community testing and online surveys. ObjectiveThis paper aimed to leverage the survey data collected as part of the initiative to understand risk perceptions, testing practices, and preventive behaviors and identify risk factors for COVID-19 test positivity in SC over time. MethodsProbability proportionate to size cluster random sampling was used to select SC residents to participate in testing for COVID-19 infection and antibodies and to complete an online survey. This paper focuses on data from the online surveys completed between November 2020 and June 2021. Descriptive statistics were used to describe risk perceptions, attitudes and behaviors, and associated changes over time. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with self-reported COVID-19 test positivity. ResultsAmong the 7170 online survey respondents, 58.7% (4213/7170) self-reported ever testing for COVID-19. The most commonly cited barriers to testing were inconvenient dates, time, and location, as well as discomfort. Overall, 18.7% (790/7170) of respondents reported a history of COVID-19 test positivity. Multivariate logistic regression results indicated that individuals who were aged 50 years or older, self-identified as Black/African American, were obese, and were employed as frontline health care workers or nursing home staff were more likely to self-report COVID-19 test positivity. By contrast, there was a decreased likelihood of test positivity among respondents who were concerned about the burden of COVID-19 in their community and about being infected. ConclusionsStrategies to remove testing barriers should be implemented to improve access. Our findings provide insights on statewide testing patterns, adoption of prevention behaviors, and risk factors for infection and may inform public health strategies to curb transmission.https://publichealth.jmir.org/2023/1/e34579 |
| spellingShingle | Mufaro Kanyangarara Virginie Daguise Lídia Gual-Gonzalez Alain H Litwin Jeffrey Korte Connor Ross Melissa S Nolan COVID-19 Testing Practices, Preventive Behaviors, and Factors Associated With Test Positivity: Population-Based Statewide Survey Study JMIR Public Health and Surveillance |
| title | COVID-19 Testing Practices, Preventive Behaviors, and Factors Associated With Test Positivity: Population-Based Statewide Survey Study |
| title_full | COVID-19 Testing Practices, Preventive Behaviors, and Factors Associated With Test Positivity: Population-Based Statewide Survey Study |
| title_fullStr | COVID-19 Testing Practices, Preventive Behaviors, and Factors Associated With Test Positivity: Population-Based Statewide Survey Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | COVID-19 Testing Practices, Preventive Behaviors, and Factors Associated With Test Positivity: Population-Based Statewide Survey Study |
| title_short | COVID-19 Testing Practices, Preventive Behaviors, and Factors Associated With Test Positivity: Population-Based Statewide Survey Study |
| title_sort | covid 19 testing practices preventive behaviors and factors associated with test positivity population based statewide survey study |
| url | https://publichealth.jmir.org/2023/1/e34579 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mufarokanyangarara covid19testingpracticespreventivebehaviorsandfactorsassociatedwithtestpositivitypopulationbasedstatewidesurveystudy AT virginiedaguise covid19testingpracticespreventivebehaviorsandfactorsassociatedwithtestpositivitypopulationbasedstatewidesurveystudy AT lidiagualgonzalez covid19testingpracticespreventivebehaviorsandfactorsassociatedwithtestpositivitypopulationbasedstatewidesurveystudy AT alainhlitwin covid19testingpracticespreventivebehaviorsandfactorsassociatedwithtestpositivitypopulationbasedstatewidesurveystudy AT jeffreykorte covid19testingpracticespreventivebehaviorsandfactorsassociatedwithtestpositivitypopulationbasedstatewidesurveystudy AT connorross covid19testingpracticespreventivebehaviorsandfactorsassociatedwithtestpositivitypopulationbasedstatewidesurveystudy AT melissasnolan covid19testingpracticespreventivebehaviorsandfactorsassociatedwithtestpositivitypopulationbasedstatewidesurveystudy |