Visualization of Activated Area on Polymers for Evaluation of Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jets
The treatment of a polymer surface using an atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) causes a local increase of the surface free energy (SFE). The plasma-treated zone can be visualized with the use of a test ink and quantitatively evaluated. However, the inked area is shrinking with time. The shrinkag...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-08-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/16/2711 |
| _version_ | 1797522301916282880 |
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| author | Dariusz Korzec Thomas Andres Eva Brandes Stefan Nettesheim |
| author_facet | Dariusz Korzec Thomas Andres Eva Brandes Stefan Nettesheim |
| author_sort | Dariusz Korzec |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The treatment of a polymer surface using an atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) causes a local increase of the surface free energy (SFE). The plasma-treated zone can be visualized with the use of a test ink and quantitatively evaluated. However, the inked area is shrinking with time. The shrinkage characteristics are collected using activation image recording (AIR). The recording is conducted by a digital camera. The physical mechanisms of activation area shrinkage are discussed. The error sources are analyzed and methods of error reduction are proposed. The standard deviation of the activation area is less than 3%. Three polymers, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), and polyoxymethylene (POM), are examined as a test substrate material. Due to a wide variation range of SFE and a small hydrophobic recovery, HDPE is chosen. Since the chemical mixtures tend to temporal changes of the stoichiometry, the pure formamide test ink with 58 mN/m is selected. The method is tested for the characterization of five different types of discharge: (i) pulsed arc APPJ with the power of about 700 W; (ii) piezoelectric direct discharge APPJ; (iii) piezoelectric driven needle corona in ambient air; (iv) piezoelectric driven plasma needle in argon; and (v) piezoelectric driven dielectric barrier discharge (DBD). For piezoelectrically driven discharges, the power was either 4.5 W or 8 W. It is shown how the AIR method can be used to solve different engineering problems. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:26:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-879e2739d88046678840efac93ff30ba |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:26:28Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-879e2739d88046678840efac93ff30ba2023-11-22T09:23:18ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602021-08-011316271110.3390/polym13162711Visualization of Activated Area on Polymers for Evaluation of Atmospheric Pressure Plasma JetsDariusz Korzec0Thomas Andres1Eva Brandes2Stefan Nettesheim3Relyon Plasma GmbH, Osterhofener Straße 6, 93055 Regensburg, GermanyRelyon Plasma GmbH, Osterhofener Straße 6, 93055 Regensburg, GermanyRelyon Plasma GmbH, Osterhofener Straße 6, 93055 Regensburg, GermanyRelyon Plasma GmbH, Osterhofener Straße 6, 93055 Regensburg, GermanyThe treatment of a polymer surface using an atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) causes a local increase of the surface free energy (SFE). The plasma-treated zone can be visualized with the use of a test ink and quantitatively evaluated. However, the inked area is shrinking with time. The shrinkage characteristics are collected using activation image recording (AIR). The recording is conducted by a digital camera. The physical mechanisms of activation area shrinkage are discussed. The error sources are analyzed and methods of error reduction are proposed. The standard deviation of the activation area is less than 3%. Three polymers, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), and polyoxymethylene (POM), are examined as a test substrate material. Due to a wide variation range of SFE and a small hydrophobic recovery, HDPE is chosen. Since the chemical mixtures tend to temporal changes of the stoichiometry, the pure formamide test ink with 58 mN/m is selected. The method is tested for the characterization of five different types of discharge: (i) pulsed arc APPJ with the power of about 700 W; (ii) piezoelectric direct discharge APPJ; (iii) piezoelectric driven needle corona in ambient air; (iv) piezoelectric driven plasma needle in argon; and (v) piezoelectric driven dielectric barrier discharge (DBD). For piezoelectrically driven discharges, the power was either 4.5 W or 8 W. It is shown how the AIR method can be used to solve different engineering problems.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/16/2711atmospheric pressure plasma jetdielectric barrier dischargepiezoelectric direct dischargesurface free energytest inksurface activation |
| spellingShingle | Dariusz Korzec Thomas Andres Eva Brandes Stefan Nettesheim Visualization of Activated Area on Polymers for Evaluation of Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jets Polymers atmospheric pressure plasma jet dielectric barrier discharge piezoelectric direct discharge surface free energy test ink surface activation |
| title | Visualization of Activated Area on Polymers for Evaluation of Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jets |
| title_full | Visualization of Activated Area on Polymers for Evaluation of Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jets |
| title_fullStr | Visualization of Activated Area on Polymers for Evaluation of Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jets |
| title_full_unstemmed | Visualization of Activated Area on Polymers for Evaluation of Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jets |
| title_short | Visualization of Activated Area on Polymers for Evaluation of Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jets |
| title_sort | visualization of activated area on polymers for evaluation of atmospheric pressure plasma jets |
| topic | atmospheric pressure plasma jet dielectric barrier discharge piezoelectric direct discharge surface free energy test ink surface activation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/16/2711 |
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